INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (447,30,'ASYMMETRIC_VERIFY','Syntax:\nASYMMETRIC_VERIFY(algorithm, digest_str, sig_str, pub_key_str,\ndigest_type)\n\nVerifies whether the signature string matches the digest string, and\nreturns 1 or 0 to indicate whether verification succeeded or failed.\n\ndigest_str is the digest string. It can be generated by calling\nCREATE_DIGEST(). digest_type indicates the digest algorithm used to\ngenerate the digest string.\n\nsig_str is the signature string. It can be generated by calling\nASYMMETRIC_SIGN().\n\npub_key_str is the public key string of the signer. It corresponds to\nthe private key passed to ASYMMETRIC_SIGN() to generate the signature\nstring and must be a valid key string in PEM format. algorithm\nindicates the encryption algorithm used to create the key.\n\nSupported algorithm values: \'RSA\', \'DSA\'\n\nSupported digest_type values: \'SHA224\', \'SHA256\', \'SHA384\', \'SHA512\'\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/enterprise-encryption-functions.html\n\n','-- Set the encryption algorithm and digest type\nSET @algo = \'RSA\';\nSET @dig_type = \'SHA224\';\n\n-- Create private/public key pair\nSET @priv = CREATE_ASYMMETRIC_PRIV_KEY(@algo, 1024);\nSET @pub = CREATE_ASYMMETRIC_PUB_KEY(@algo, @priv);\n\n-- Generate digest from string\nSET @dig = CREATE_DIGEST(@dig_type, \'The quick brown fox\');\n\n-- Generate signature for digest and verify signature against digest\nSET @sig = ASYMMETRIC_SIGN(@algo, @dig, @priv, @dig_type);\nSET @verf = ASYMMETRIC_VERIFY(@algo, @dig, @sig, @pub, @dig_type);\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/enterprise-encryption-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (448,30,'CREATE_ASYMMETRIC_PRIV_KEY','Syntax:\nCREATE_ASYMMETRIC_PRIV_KEY(algorithm, {key_len|dh_secret})\n\nCreates a private key using the given algorithm and key length or DH\nsecret, and returns the key as a binary string in PEM format. If key\ngeneration fails, the result is NULL.\n\nSupported algorithm values: \'RSA\', \'DSA\', \'DH\'\n\nSupported key_len values: The minimum key length in bits is 1,024. The\nmaximum key length depends on the algorithm: 16,384 for RSA and 10,000\nfor DSA. These key-length limits are constraints imposed by OpenSSL.\nServer administrators can impose additional limits on maximum key\nlength by setting environment variables. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/enterprise-encryption-usage.htm\nl.\n\nFor DH keys, pass a shared DH secret instead of a key length. To create\nthe secret, pass the key length to CREATE_DH_PARAMETERS().\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/enterprise-encryption-functions.html\n\n','SET @priv = CREATE_ASYMMETRIC_PRIV_KEY(\'DSA\', 2048);\nSET @pub = CREATE_ASYMMETRIC_PUB_KEY(\'DSA\', @priv);\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/enterprise-encryption-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (449,30,'CREATE_ASYMMETRIC_PUB_KEY','Syntax:\nCREATE_ASYMMETRIC_PUB_KEY(algorithm, priv_key_str)\n\nDerives a public key from the given private key using the given\nalgorithm, and returns the key as a binary string in PEM format. If key\nderivation fails, the result is NULL.\n\npriv_key_str must be a valid key string in PEM format. algorithm\nindicates the encryption algorithm used to create the key.\n\nSupported algorithm values: \'RSA\', \'DSA\', \'DH\'\n\nFor a usage example, see the description of\nCREATE_ASYMMETRIC_PRIV_KEY().\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/enterprise-encryption-functions.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/enterprise-encryption-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (450,30,'CREATE_DH_PARAMETERS','CREATE_DH_PARAMETERS(key_len)\n\nCreates a shared secret for generating a DH private/public key pair and\nreturns a binary string that can be passed to\nCREATE_ASYMMETRIC_PRIV_KEY(). If secret generation fails, the result is\nnull.\n\nSupported key_len values: The minimum and maximum key lengths in bits\nare 1,024 and 10,000. These key-length limits are constraints imposed\nby OpenSSL. Server administrators can impose additional limits on\nmaximum key length by setting environment variables. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/enterprise-encryption-usage.htm\nl.\n\nFor an example showing how to use the return value for generating\nsymmetric keys, see the description of ASYMMETRIC_DERIVE().\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/enterprise-encryption-functions.html\n\n','SET @dhp = CREATE_DH_PARAMETERS(1024);\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/enterprise-encryption-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (451,30,'CREATE_DIGEST','Syntax:\nCREATE_DIGEST(digest_type, str)\n\nCreates a digest from the given string using the given digest type, and\nreturns the digest as a binary string. If digest generation fails, the\nresult is NULL.\n\nSupported digest_type values: \'SHA224\', \'SHA256\', \'SHA384\', \'SHA512\'\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/enterprise-encryption-functions.html\n\n','SET @dig = CREATE_DIGEST(\'SHA512\', The quick brown fox\');\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/enterprise-encryption-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (452,31,'AVG','Syntax:\nAVG([DISTINCT] expr)\n\nReturns the average value of expr. The DISTINCT option can be used to\nreturn the average of the distinct values of expr.\n\nIf there are no matching rows, AVG() returns NULL.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-functions.html\n\n','mysql> SELECT student_name, AVG(test_score)\n       FROM student\n       GROUP BY student_name;\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (453,31,'BIT_AND','Syntax:\nBIT_AND(expr)\n\nReturns the bitwise AND of all bits in expr. The calculation is\nperformed with 64-bit (BIGINT) precision.\n\nIf there are no matching rows, BIT_AND() returns a neutral value (all\nbits set to 1).\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-functions.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (454,31,'BIT_OR','Syntax:\nBIT_OR(expr)\n\nReturns the bitwise OR of all bits in expr. The calculation is\nperformed with 64-bit (BIGINT) precision.\n\nIf there are no matching rows, BIT_OR() returns a neutral value (all\nbits set to 0).\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-functions.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (455,31,'BIT_XOR','Syntax:\nBIT_XOR(expr)\n\nReturns the bitwise XOR of all bits in expr. The calculation is\nperformed with 64-bit (BIGINT) precision.\n\nIf there are no matching rows, BIT_XOR() returns a neutral value (all\nbits set to 0).\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-functions.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (456,31,'COUNT','Syntax:\nCOUNT(expr)\n\nReturns a count of the number of non-NULL values of expr in the rows\nretrieved by a SELECT statement. The result is a BIGINT value.\n\nIf there are no matching rows, COUNT() returns 0.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-functions.html\n\n','mysql> SELECT student.student_name,COUNT(*)\n       FROM student,course\n       WHERE student.student_id=course.student_id\n       GROUP BY student_name;\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (457,31,'COUNT DISTINCT','Syntax:\nCOUNT(DISTINCT expr,[expr...])\n\nReturns a count of the number of rows with different non-NULL expr\nvalues.\n\nIf there are no matching rows, COUNT(DISTINCT) returns 0.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-functions.html\n\n','mysql> SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT results) FROM student;\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (458,31,'GROUP_CONCAT','Syntax:\nGROUP_CONCAT(expr)\n\nThis function returns a string result with the concatenated non-NULL\nvalues from a group. It returns NULL if there are no non-NULL values.\nThe full syntax is as follows:\n\nGROUP_CONCAT([DISTINCT] expr [,expr ...]\n             [ORDER BY {unsigned_integer | col_name | expr}\n                 [ASC | DESC] [,col_name ...]]\n             [SEPARATOR str_val])\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-functions.html\n\n','mysql> SELECT student_name,\n         GROUP_CONCAT(test_score)\n       FROM student\n       GROUP BY student_name;\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (459,31,'JSON_ARRAYAGG','Syntax:\nJSON_ARRAYAGG(col_or_expr)\n\nAggregates a result set as a single JSON array whose elements consist\nof the rows. The order of elements in this array is undefined. The\nfunction acts on a column or an expression that evaluates to a single\nvalue. Returns NULL if the result contains no rows, or in the event of\nan error.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-functions.html\n\n','mysql> SELECT o_id, attribute, value FROM t3;\n+------+-----------+-------+\n| o_id | attribute | value |\n+------+-----------+-------+\n|    2 | color     | red   |\n|    2 | fabric    | silk  |\n|    3 | color     | green |\n|    3 | shape     | square|\n+------+-----------+-------+\n4 rows in set (0.00 sec)\n\nmysql> SELECT o_id, JSON_ARRAYAGG(attribute) AS attributes \n     > FROM t3 GROUP BY o_id;\n+------+---------------------+\n| o_id | attributes          |\n+------+---------------------+\n|    2 | ["color", "fabric"] |\n|    3 | ["color", "shape"]  |\n+------+---------------------+\n2 rows in set (0.00 sec)\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (460,31,'JSON_OBJECTAGG','Syntax:\nJSON_OBJECTAGG(key, value)\n\nTakes two column names or expressions as arguments, the first of these\nbeing used as a key and the second as a value, and returns a JSON\nobject containing key-value pairs. Returns NULL if the result contains\nno rows, or in the event of an error. An error occurs if any key name\nis NULL or the number of arguments is not equal to 2.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-functions.html\n\n','mysql> SELECT o_id, attribute, value FROM t3;\n+------+-----------+-------+\n| o_id | attribute | value |\n+------+-----------+-------+\n|    2 | color     | red   |\n|    2 | fabric    | silk  |\n|    3 | color     | green |\n|    3 | shape     | square|\n+------+-----------+-------+\n4 rows in set (0.00 sec)\n\nmysql> SELECT o_id, JSON_OBJECTAGG(attribute, value) FROM t3 GROUP BY o_id;\n+------+----------------------------------------+\n| o_id | JSON_OBJECTAGG(attribute, name)        |\n+------+----------------------------------------+\n|    2 | {"color": "red", "fabric": "silk"}     |\n|    3 | {"color": "green", "shape": "square"}  |\n+------+----------------------------------------+\n1 row in set (0.00 sec)\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (461,31,'MAX','Syntax:\nMAX([DISTINCT] expr)\n\nReturns the maximum value of expr. MAX() may take a string argument; in\nsuch cases, it returns the maximum string value. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysql-indexes.html. The\nDISTINCT keyword can be used to find the maximum of the distinct values\nof expr, however, this produces the same result as omitting DISTINCT.\n\nIf there are no matching rows, MAX() returns NULL.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-functions.html\n\n','mysql> SELECT student_name, MIN(test_score), MAX(test_score)\n       FROM student\n       GROUP BY student_name;\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (462,31,'MIN','Syntax:\nMIN([DISTINCT] expr)\n\nReturns the minimum value of expr. MIN() may take a string argument; in\nsuch cases, it returns the minimum string value. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysql-indexes.html. The\nDISTINCT keyword can be used to find the minimum of the distinct values\nof expr, however, this produces the same result as omitting DISTINCT.\n\nIf there are no matching rows, MIN() returns NULL.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-functions.html\n\n','mysql> SELECT student_name, MIN(test_score), MAX(test_score)\n       FROM student\n       GROUP BY student_name;\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (463,31,'STD','Syntax:\nSTD(expr)\n\nReturns the population standard deviation of expr. STD() is a synonym\nfor the standard SQL function STDDEV_POP(), provided as a MySQL\nextension.\n\nIf there are no matching rows, STD() returns NULL.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-functions.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (464,31,'STDDEV','Syntax:\nSTDDEV(expr)\n\nReturns the population standard deviation of expr. STDDEV() is a\nsynonym for the standard SQL function STDDEV_POP(), provided for\ncompatibility with Oracle.\n\nIf there are no matching rows, STDDEV() returns NULL.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-functions.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (465,31,'STDDEV_POP','Syntax:\nSTDDEV_POP(expr)\n\nReturns the population standard deviation of expr (the square root of\nVAR_POP()). You can also use STD() or STDDEV(), which are equivalent\nbut not standard SQL.\n\nIf there are no matching rows, STDDEV_POP() returns NULL.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-functions.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (466,31,'STDDEV_SAMP','Syntax:\nSTDDEV_SAMP(expr)\n\nReturns the sample standard deviation of expr (the square root of\nVAR_SAMP().\n\nIf there are no matching rows, STDDEV_SAMP() returns NULL.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-functions.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (467,31,'SUM','Syntax:\nSUM([DISTINCT] expr)\n\nReturns the sum of expr. If the return set has no rows, SUM() returns\nNULL. The DISTINCT keyword can be used to sum only the distinct values\nof expr.\n\nIf there are no matching rows, SUM() returns NULL.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-functions.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (468,31,'VAR_POP','Syntax:\nVAR_POP(expr)\n\nReturns the population standard variance of expr. It considers rows as\nthe whole population, not as a sample, so it has the number of rows as\nthe denominator. You can also use VARIANCE(), which is equivalent but\nis not standard SQL.\n\nIf there are no matching rows, VAR_POP() returns NULL.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-functions.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (469,31,'VAR_SAMP','Syntax:\nVAR_SAMP(expr)\n\nReturns the sample variance of expr. That is, the denominator is the\nnumber of rows minus one.\n\nIf there are no matching rows, VAR_SAMP() returns NULL.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-functions.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (470,31,'VARIANCE','Syntax:\nVARIANCE(expr)\n\nReturns the population standard variance of expr. VARIANCE() is a\nsynonym for the standard SQL function VAR_POP(), provided as a MySQL\nextension.\n\nIf there are no matching rows, VARIANCE() returns NULL.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-functions.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (471,32,'ANY_VALUE','ANY_VALUE(arg)\n\nThis function is useful for GROUP BY queries when the\nONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY SQL mode is enabled, for cases when MySQL rejects a\nquery that you know is valid for reasons that MySQL cannot determine.\nThe function return value and type are the same as the return value and\ntype of its argument, but the function result is not checked for the\nONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY SQL mode.\n\nFor example, if name is a nonindexed column, the following query fails\nwith ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY enabled:\n\nmysql> SELECT name, address, MAX(age) FROM t GROUP BY name;\nERROR 1055 (42000): Expression #2 of SELECT list is not in GROUP\nBY clause and contains nonaggregated column \'mydb.t.address\' which\nis not functionally dependent on columns in GROUP BY clause; this\nis incompatible with sql_mode=only_full_group_by\n\nThe failure occurs because address is a nonaggregated column that is\nneither named among GROUP BY columns nor functionally dependent on\nthem. As a result, the address value for rows within each name group is\nnondeterministic. There are multiple ways to cause MySQL to accept the\nquery:\n\no Alter the table to make name a primary key or a unique NOT NULL\n  column. This enables MySQL to determine that address is functionally\n  dependent on name; that is, address is uniquely determined by name.\n  (This technique is inapplicable if NULL must be permitted as a valid\n  name value.)\n\no Use ANY_VALUE() to refer to address:\n\nSELECT name, ANY_VALUE(address), MAX(age) FROM t GROUP BY name;\n\n  In this case, MySQL ignores the nondeterminism of address values\n  within each name group and accepts the query. This may be useful if\n  you simply do not care which value of a nonaggregated column is\n  chosen for each group. ANY_VALUE() is not an aggregate function,\n  unlike functions such as SUM() or COUNT(). It simply acts to suppress\n  the test for nondeterminism.\n\no Disable ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY. This is equivalent to using ANY_VALUE()\n  with ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY enabled, as described in the previous item.\n\nANY_VALUE() is also useful if functional dependence exists between\ncolumns but MySQL cannot determine it. The following query is valid\nbecause age is functionally dependent on the grouping column age-1, but\nMySQL cannot tell that and rejects the query with ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY\nenabled:\n\nSELECT age FROM t GROUP BY age-1;\n\nTo cause MySQL to accept the query, use ANY_VALUE():\n\nSELECT ANY_VALUE(age) FROM t GROUP BY age-1;\n\nANY_VALUE() can be used for queries that refer to aggregate functions\nin the absence of a GROUP BY clause:\n\nmysql> SELECT name, MAX(age) FROM t;\nERROR 1140 (42000): In aggregated query without GROUP BY, expression\n#1 of SELECT list contains nonaggregated column \'mydb.t.name\'; this\nis incompatible with sql_mode=only_full_group_by\n\nWithout GROUP BY, there is a single group and it is nondeterministic\nwhich name value to choose for the group. ANY_VALUE() tells MySQL to\naccept the query:\n\nSELECT ANY_VALUE(name), MAX(age) FROM t;\n\nIt may be that, due to some property of a given data set, you know that\na selected nonaggregated column is effectively functionally dependent\non a GROUP BY column. For example, an application may enforce\nuniqueness of one column with respect to another. In this case, using\nANY_VALUE() for the effectively functionally dependent column may make\nsense.\n\nFor additional discussion, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/group-by-handling.html.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/miscellaneous-functions.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/miscellaneous-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (472,32,'DEFAULT','Syntax:\nDEFAULT(col_name)\n\nReturns the default value for a table column. An error results if the\ncolumn has no default value.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/miscellaneous-functions.html\n\n','mysql> UPDATE t SET i = DEFAULT(i)+1 WHERE id < 100;\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/miscellaneous-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (473,32,'INET_ATON','Syntax:\nINET_ATON(expr)\n\nGiven the dotted-quad representation of an IPv4 network address as a\nstring, returns an integer that represents the numeric value of the\naddress in network byte order (big endian). INET_ATON() returns NULL if\nit does not understand its argument.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/miscellaneous-functions.html\n\n','mysql> SELECT INET_ATON(\'10.0.5.9\');\n        -> 167773449\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/miscellaneous-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (474,32,'INET_NTOA','Syntax:\nINET_NTOA(expr)\n\nGiven a numeric IPv4 network address in network byte order, returns the\ndotted-quad string representation of the address as a string in the\nconnection character set. INET_NTOA() returns NULL if it does not\nunderstand its argument.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/miscellaneous-functions.html\n\n','mysql> SELECT INET_NTOA(167773449);\n        -> \'10.0.5.9\'\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/miscellaneous-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (475,32,'INET6_ATON','Syntax:\nINET6_ATON(expr)\n\nGiven an IPv6 or IPv4 network address as a string, returns a binary\nstring that represents the numeric value of the address in network byte\norder (big endian). Because numeric-format IPv6 addresses require more\nbytes than the largest integer type, the representation returned by\nthis function has the VARBINARY data type: VARBINARY(16) for IPv6\naddresses and VARBINARY(4) for IPv4 addresses. If the argument is not a\nvalid address, INET6_ATON() returns NULL.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/miscellaneous-functions.html\n\n','mysql> SELECT HEX(INET6_ATON(\'fdfe::5a55:caff:fefa:9089\'));\n        -> \'FDFE0000000000005A55CAFFFEFA9089\'\nmysql> SELECT HEX(INET6_ATON(\'10.0.5.9\'));\n        -> \'0A000509\'\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/miscellaneous-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (476,32,'INET6_NTOA','Syntax:\nINET6_NTOA(expr)\n\nGiven an IPv6 or IPv4 network address represented in numeric form as a\nbinary string, returns the string representation of the address as a\nstring in the connection character set. If the argument is not a valid\naddress, INET6_NTOA() returns NULL.\n\nINET6_NTOA() has these properties:\n\no It does not use operating system functions to perform conversions,\n  thus the output string is platform independent.\n\no The return string has a maximum length of 39 (4 x 8 + 7). Given this\n  statement:\n\nCREATE TABLE t AS SELECT INET6_NTOA(expr) AS c1;\n\n  The resulting table would have this definition:\n\nCREATE TABLE t (c1 VARCHAR(39) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL);\n\no The return string uses lowercase letters for IPv6 addresses.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/miscellaneous-functions.html\n\n','mysql> SELECT INET6_NTOA(INET6_ATON(\'fdfe::5a55:caff:fefa:9089\'));\n        -> \'fdfe::5a55:caff:fefa:9089\'\nmysql> SELECT INET6_NTOA(INET6_ATON(\'10.0.5.9\'));\n        -> \'10.0.5.9\'\n\nmysql> SELECT INET6_NTOA(UNHEX(\'FDFE0000000000005A55CAFFFEFA9089\'));\n        -> \'fdfe::5a55:caff:fefa:9089\'\nmysql> SELECT INET6_NTOA(UNHEX(\'0A000509\'));\n        -> \'10.0.5.9\'\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/miscellaneous-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (477,32,'IS_IPV4','Syntax:\nIS_IPV4(expr)\n\nReturns 1 if the argument is a valid IPv4 address specified as a\nstring, 0 otherwise.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/miscellaneous-functions.html\n\n','mysql> SELECT IS_IPV4(\'10.0.5.9\'), IS_IPV4(\'10.0.5.256\');\n        -> 1, 0\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/miscellaneous-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (478,32,'IS_IPV4_COMPAT','Syntax:\nIS_IPV4_COMPAT(expr)\n\nThis function takes an IPv6 address represented in numeric form as a\nbinary string, as returned by INET6_ATON(). It returns 1 if the\nargument is a valid IPv4-compatible IPv6 address, 0 otherwise.\nIPv4-compatible addresses have the form ::ipv4_address.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/miscellaneous-functions.html\n\n','mysql> SELECT IS_IPV4_COMPAT(INET6_ATON(\'::10.0.5.9\'));\n        -> 1\nmysql> SELECT IS_IPV4_COMPAT(INET6_ATON(\'::ffff:10.0.5.9\'));\n        -> 0\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/miscellaneous-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (479,32,'IS_IPV4_MAPPED','Syntax:\nIS_IPV4_MAPPED(expr)\n\nThis function takes an IPv6 address represented in numeric form as a\nbinary string, as returned by INET6_ATON(). It returns 1 if the\nargument is a valid IPv4-mapped IPv6 address, 0 otherwise. IPv4-mapped\naddresses have the form ::ffff:ipv4_address.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/miscellaneous-functions.html\n\n','mysql> SELECT IS_IPV4_MAPPED(INET6_ATON(\'::10.0.5.9\'));\n        -> 0\nmysql> SELECT IS_IPV4_MAPPED(INET6_ATON(\'::ffff:10.0.5.9\'));\n        -> 1\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/miscellaneous-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (480,32,'IS_IPV6','Syntax:\nIS_IPV6(expr)\n\nReturns 1 if the argument is a valid IPv6 address specified as a\nstring, 0 otherwise. This function does not consider IPv4 addresses to\nbe valid IPv6 addresses.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/miscellaneous-functions.html\n\n','mysql> SELECT IS_IPV6(\'10.0.5.9\'), IS_IPV6(\'::1\');\n        -> 0, 1\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/miscellaneous-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (481,32,'MASTER_POS_WAIT','Syntax:\nMASTER_POS_WAIT(log_name,log_pos[,timeout][,channel])\n\nThis function is useful for control of master/slave synchronization. It\nblocks until the slave has read and applied all updates up to the\nspecified position in the master log. The return value is the number of\nlog events the slave had to wait for to advance to the specified\nposition. The function returns NULL if the slave SQL thread is not\nstarted, the slave\'s master information is not initialized, the\narguments are incorrect, or an error occurs. It returns -1 if the\ntimeout has been exceeded. If the slave SQL thread stops while\nMASTER_POS_WAIT() is waiting, the function returns NULL. If the slave\nis past the specified position, the function returns immediately.\n\nOn a multithreaded slave, the function waits until expiry of the limit\nset by the slave_checkpoint_group or slave_checkpoint_period system\nvariable, when the checkpoint operation is called to update the status\nof the slave. Depending on the setting for the system variables, the\nfunction might therefore return some time after the specified position\nwas reached.\n\nIf a timeout value is specified, MASTER_POS_WAIT() stops waiting when\ntimeout seconds have elapsed. timeout must be greater than 0; a zero or\nnegative timeout means no timeout.\n\nThe optional channel value enables you to name which replication\nchannel the function applies to. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/replication-channels.html for\nmore information.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/miscellaneous-functions.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/miscellaneous-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (482,32,'NAME_CONST','Syntax:\nNAME_CONST(name,value)\n\nReturns the given value. When used to produce a result set column,\nNAME_CONST() causes the column to have the given name. The arguments\nshould be constants.\n\nmysql> SELECT NAME_CONST(\'myname\', 14);\n+--------+\n| myname |\n+--------+\n|     14 |\n+--------+\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/miscellaneous-functions.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/miscellaneous-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (483,32,'SLEEP','Syntax:\nSLEEP(duration)\n\nSleeps (pauses) for the number of seconds given by the duration\nargument, then returns 0. The duration may have a fractional part. If\nthe argument is NULL or negative, SLEEP() produces a warning, or an\nerror in strict SQL mode.\n\nWhen sleep returns normally (without interruption), it returns 0:\n\nmysql> SELECT SLEEP(1000);\n+-------------+\n| SLEEP(1000) |\n+-------------+\n|           0 |\n+-------------+\n\nWhen SLEEP() is the only thing invoked by a query that is interrupted,\nit returns 1 and the query itself returns no error. This is true\nwhether the query is killed or times out:\n\no This statement is interrupted using KILL QUERY from another session:\n\nmysql> SELECT SLEEP(1000);\n+-------------+\n| SLEEP(1000) |\n+-------------+\n|           1 |\n+-------------+\n\no This statement is interrupted by timing out:\n\nmysql> SELECT /*+ MAX_EXECUTION_TIME(1) */ SLEEP(1000);\n+-------------+\n| SLEEP(1000) |\n+-------------+\n|           1 |\n+-------------+\n\nWhen SLEEP() is only part of a query that is interrupted, the query\nreturns an error:\n\no This statement is interrupted using KILL QUERY from another session:\n\nmysql> SELECT 1 FROM t1 WHERE SLEEP(1000);\nERROR 1317 (70100): Query execution was interrupted\n\no This statement is interrupted by timing out:\n\nmysql> SELECT /*+ MAX_EXECUTION_TIME(1000) */ 1 FROM t1 WHERE SLEEP(1000);\nERROR 3024 (HY000): Query execution was interrupted, maximum statement\nexecution time exceeded\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/miscellaneous-functions.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/miscellaneous-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (484,32,'UUID','Syntax:\nUUID()\n\nReturns a Universal Unique Identifier (UUID) generated according to RFC\n4122, "A Universally Unique IDentifier (UUID) URN Namespace"\n(http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4122.txt).\n\nA UUID is designed as a number that is globally unique in space and\ntime. Two calls to UUID() are expected to generate two different\nvalues, even if these calls are performed on two separate devices not\nconnected to each other.\n\n*Warning*:\n\nAlthough UUID() values are intended to be unique, they are not\nnecessarily unguessable or unpredictable. If unpredictability is\nrequired, UUID values should be generated some other way.\n\nUUID() returns a value that conforms to UUID version 1 as described in\nRFC 4122. The value is a 128-bit number represented as a utf8 string of\nfive hexadecimal numbers in aaaaaaaa-bbbb-cccc-dddd-eeeeeeeeeeee\nformat:\n\no The first three numbers are generated from the low, middle, and high\n  parts of a timestamp. The high part also includes the UUID version\n  number.\n\no The fourth number preserves temporal uniqueness in case the timestamp\n  value loses monotonicity (for example, due to daylight saving time).\n\no The fifth number is an IEEE 802 node number that provides spatial\n  uniqueness. A random number is substituted if the latter is not\n  available (for example, because the host device has no Ethernet card,\n  or it is unknown how to find the hardware address of an interface on\n  the host operating system). In this case, spatial uniqueness cannot\n  be guaranteed. Nevertheless, a collision should have very low\n  probability.\n\n  The MAC address of an interface is taken into account only on\n  FreeBSD, Linux, and Windows. On other operating systems, MySQL uses a\n  randomly generated 48-bit number.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/miscellaneous-functions.html\n\n','mysql> SELECT UUID();\n        -> \'6ccd780c-baba-1026-9564-5b8c656024db\'\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/miscellaneous-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (485,32,'UUID_SHORT','Syntax:\nUUID_SHORT()\n\nReturns a "short" universal identifier as a 64-bit unsigned integer.\nValues returned by UUID_SHORT() differ from the string-format 128-bit\nidentifiers returned by the UUID() function and have different\nuniqueness properties. The value of UUID_SHORT() is guaranteed to be\nunique if the following conditions hold:\n\no The server_id value of the current server is between 0 and 255 and is\n  unique among your set of master and slave servers\n\no You do not set back the system time for your server host between\n  mysqld restarts\n\no You invoke UUID_SHORT() on average fewer than 16 million times per\n  second between mysqld restarts\n\nThe UUID_SHORT() return value is constructed this way:\n\n  (server_id & 255) << 56\n+ (server_startup_time_in_seconds << 24)\n+ incremented_variable++;\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/miscellaneous-functions.html\n\n','mysql> SELECT UUID_SHORT();\n        -> 92395783831158784\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/miscellaneous-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (486,32,'VALUES','Syntax:\nVALUES(col_name)\n\nIn an INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE statement, you can use the\nVALUES(col_name) function in the UPDATE clause to refer to column\nvalues from the INSERT portion of the statement. In other words,\nVALUES(col_name) in the UPDATE clause refers to the value of col_name\nthat would be inserted, had no duplicate-key conflict occurred. This\nfunction is especially useful in multiple-row inserts. The VALUES()\nfunction is meaningful only in the ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE clause of\nINSERT statements and returns NULL otherwise. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/insert-on-duplicate.html.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/miscellaneous-functions.html\n\n','mysql> INSERT INTO table (a,b,c) VALUES (1,2,3),(4,5,6)\n    -> ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c=VALUES(a)+VALUES(b);\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/miscellaneous-functions.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (487,33,'ALTER DATABASE','Syntax:\nALTER {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [db_name]\n    alter_specification ...\nALTER {DATABASE | SCHEMA} db_name\n    UPGRADE DATA DIRECTORY NAME\n\nalter_specification:\n    [DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET [=] charset_name\n  | [DEFAULT] COLLATE [=] collation_name\n\nALTER DATABASE enables you to change the overall characteristics of a\ndatabase. These characteristics are stored in the db.opt file in the\ndatabase directory. To use ALTER DATABASE, you need the ALTER privilege\non the database. ALTER SCHEMA is a synonym for ALTER DATABASE.\n\nThe database name can be omitted from the first syntax, in which case\nthe statement applies to the default database.\n\nNational Language Characteristics\n\nThe CHARACTER SET clause changes the default database character set.\nThe COLLATE clause changes the default database collation.\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/charset.html, discusses\ncharacter set and collation names.\n\nYou can see what character sets and collations are available using,\nrespectively, the SHOW CHARACTER SET and SHOW COLLATION statements. See\n[HELP SHOW CHARACTER SET], and [HELP SHOW COLLATION], for more\ninformation.\n\nIf you change the default character set or collation for a database,\nstored routines that use the database defaults must be dropped and\nrecreated so that they use the new defaults. (In a stored routine,\nvariables with character data types use the database defaults if the\ncharacter set or collation are not specified explicitly. See [HELP\nCREATE PROCEDURE].)\n\nUpgrading from Versions Older than MySQL 5.1\n\nThe syntax that includes the UPGRADE DATA DIRECTORY NAME clause updates\nthe name of the directory associated with the database to use the\nencoding implemented in MySQL 5.1 for mapping database names to\ndatabase directory names (see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/identifier-mapping.html). This\nclause is for use under these conditions:\n\no It is intended when upgrading MySQL to 5.1 or later from older\n  versions.\n\no It is intended to update a database directory name to the current\n  encoding format if the name contains special characters that need\n  encoding.\n\no The statement is used by mysqlcheck (as invoked by mysql_upgrade).\n\nFor example, if a database in MySQL 5.0 has the name a-b-c, the name\ncontains instances of the - (dash) character. In MySQL 5.0, the\ndatabase directory is also named a-b-c, which is not necessarily safe\nfor all file systems. In MySQL 5.1 and later, the same database name is\nencoded as a@002db@002dc to produce a file system-neutral directory\nname.\n\nWhen a MySQL installation is upgraded to MySQL 5.1 or later from an\nolder version,the server displays a name such as a-b-c (which is in the\nold format) as #mysql50#a-b-c, and you must refer to the name using the\n#mysql50# prefix. Use UPGRADE DATA DIRECTORY NAME in this case to\nexplicitly tell the server to re-encode the database directory name to\nthe current encoding format:\n\nALTER DATABASE `#mysql50#a-b-c` UPGRADE DATA DIRECTORY NAME;\n\nAfter executing this statement, you can refer to the database as a-b-c\nwithout the special #mysql50# prefix.\n\n*Note*:\n\nThe UPGRADE DATA DIRECTORY NAME clause is deprecated in MySQL 5.7.6 and\nwill be removed in a future version of MySQL. If it is necessary to\nconvert MySQL 5.0 database or table names, a workaround is to upgrade a\nMySQL 5.0 installation to MySQL 5.1 before upgrading to a more recent\nrelease.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/alter-database.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/alter-database.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (488,33,'ALTER SCHEMA','Syntax:\nALTER {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [db_name]\n    alter_specification ...\nALTER {DATABASE | SCHEMA} db_name\n    UPGRADE DATA DIRECTORY NAME\n\nalter_specification:\n    [DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET [=] charset_name\n  | [DEFAULT] COLLATE [=] collation_name\n\nALTER DATABASE enables you to change the overall characteristics of a\ndatabase. These characteristics are stored in the db.opt file in the\ndatabase directory. To use ALTER DATABASE, you need the ALTER privilege\non the database. ALTER SCHEMA is a synonym for ALTER DATABASE.\n\nThe database name can be omitted from the first syntax, in which case\nthe statement applies to the default database.\n\nNational Language Characteristics\n\nThe CHARACTER SET clause changes the default database character set.\nThe COLLATE clause changes the default database collation.\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/charset.html, discusses\ncharacter set and collation names.\n\nYou can see what character sets and collations are available using,\nrespectively, the SHOW CHARACTER SET and SHOW COLLATION statements. See\n[HELP SHOW CHARACTER SET], and [HELP SHOW COLLATION], for more\ninformation.\n\nIf you change the default character set or collation for a database,\nstored routines that use the database defaults must be dropped and\nrecreated so that they use the new defaults. (In a stored routine,\nvariables with character data types use the database defaults if the\ncharacter set or collation are not specified explicitly. See [HELP\nCREATE PROCEDURE].)\n\nUpgrading from Versions Older than MySQL 5.1\n\nThe syntax that includes the UPGRADE DATA DIRECTORY NAME clause updates\nthe name of the directory associated with the database to use the\nencoding implemented in MySQL 5.1 for mapping database names to\ndatabase directory names (see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/identifier-mapping.html). This\nclause is for use under these conditions:\n\no It is intended when upgrading MySQL to 5.1 or later from older\n  versions.\n\no It is intended to update a database directory name to the current\n  encoding format if the name contains special characters that need\n  encoding.\n\no The statement is used by mysqlcheck (as invoked by mysql_upgrade).\n\nFor example, if a database in MySQL 5.0 has the name a-b-c, the name\ncontains instances of the - (dash) character. In MySQL 5.0, the\ndatabase directory is also named a-b-c, which is not necessarily safe\nfor all file systems. In MySQL 5.1 and later, the same database name is\nencoded as a@002db@002dc to produce a file system-neutral directory\nname.\n\nWhen a MySQL installation is upgraded to MySQL 5.1 or later from an\nolder version,the server displays a name such as a-b-c (which is in the\nold format) as #mysql50#a-b-c, and you must refer to the name using the\n#mysql50# prefix. Use UPGRADE DATA DIRECTORY NAME in this case to\nexplicitly tell the server to re-encode the database directory name to\nthe current encoding format:\n\nALTER DATABASE `#mysql50#a-b-c` UPGRADE DATA DIRECTORY NAME;\n\nAfter executing this statement, you can refer to the database as a-b-c\nwithout the special #mysql50# prefix.\n\n*Note*:\n\nThe UPGRADE DATA DIRECTORY NAME clause is deprecated in MySQL 5.7.6 and\nwill be removed in a future version of MySQL. If it is necessary to\nconvert MySQL 5.0 database or table names, a workaround is to upgrade a\nMySQL 5.0 installation to MySQL 5.1 before upgrading to a more recent\nrelease.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/alter-database.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/alter-database.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (489,33,'ALTER EVENT','Syntax:\nALTER\n    [DEFINER = user]\n    EVENT event_name\n    [ON SCHEDULE schedule]\n    [ON COMPLETION [NOT] PRESERVE]\n    [RENAME TO new_event_name]\n    [ENABLE | DISABLE | DISABLE ON SLAVE]\n    [COMMENT \'string\']\n    [DO event_body]\n\nThe ALTER EVENT statement changes one or more of the characteristics of\nan existing event without the need to drop and recreate it. The syntax\nfor each of the DEFINER, ON SCHEDULE, ON COMPLETION, COMMENT, ENABLE /\nDISABLE, and DO clauses is exactly the same as when used with CREATE\nEVENT. (See [HELP CREATE EVENT].)\n\nAny user can alter an event defined on a database for which that user\nhas the EVENT privilege. When a user executes a successful ALTER EVENT\nstatement, that user becomes the definer for the affected event.\n\nALTER EVENT works only with an existing event:\n\nmysql> ALTER EVENT no_such_event \n     >     ON SCHEDULE \n     >       EVERY \'2:3\' DAY_HOUR;\nERROR 1517 (HY000): Unknown event \'no_such_event\'\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/alter-event.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/alter-event.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (490,33,'ALTER FUNCTION','Syntax:\nALTER FUNCTION func_name [characteristic ...]\n\ncharacteristic:\n    COMMENT \'string\'\n  | LANGUAGE SQL\n  | { CONTAINS SQL | NO SQL | READS SQL DATA | MODIFIES SQL DATA }\n  | SQL SECURITY { DEFINER | INVOKER }\n\nThis statement can be used to change the characteristics of a stored\nfunction. More than one change may be specified in an ALTER FUNCTION\nstatement. However, you cannot change the parameters or body of a\nstored function using this statement; to make such changes, you must\ndrop and re-create the function using DROP FUNCTION and CREATE\nFUNCTION.\n\nYou must have the ALTER ROUTINE privilege for the function. (That\nprivilege is granted automatically to the function creator.) If binary\nlogging is enabled, the ALTER FUNCTION statement might also require the\nSUPER privilege, as described in\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/stored-programs-logging.html.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/alter-function.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/alter-function.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (491,33,'ALTER INSTANCE','Syntax:\nALTER INSTANCE ROTATE INNODB MASTER KEY\n\nALTER INSTANCE, introduced in MySQL 5.7.11, defines actions applicable\nto a MySQL server instance.\n\nThe ALTER INSTANCE ROTATE INNODB MASTER KEY statement is used to rotate\nthe master encryption key used for InnoDB tablespace encryption. A\nkeyring plugin must be installed and configured to use this statement.\nFor information about keyring plugins, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/keyring.html. Key rotation\nrequires the SUPER privilege.\n\nALTER INSTANCE ROTATE INNODB MASTER KEY supports concurrent DML.\nHowever, it cannot be run concurrently with CREATE TABLE ... ENCRYPTION\nor ALTER TABLE ... ENCRYPTION operations, and locks are taken to\nprevent conflicts that could arise from concurrent execution of these\nstatements. If one of the conflicting statements is running, it must\ncomplete before another can proceed.\n\nALTER INSTANCE actions are written to the binary log so that they can\nbe executed on replicated servers.\n\nFor additional ALTER INSTANCE ROTATE INNODB MASTER KEY usage\ninformation, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/innodb-tablespace-encryption.ht\nml. For information about keyring plugins, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/keyring.html.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/alter-instance.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/alter-instance.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (492,33,'ALTER LOGFILE GROUP','Syntax:\nALTER LOGFILE GROUP logfile_group\n    ADD UNDOFILE \'file_name\'\n    [INITIAL_SIZE [=] size]\n    [WAIT]\n    ENGINE [=] engine_name\n\nThis statement adds an UNDO file named \'file_name\' to an existing log\nfile group logfile_group. An ALTER LOGFILE GROUP statement has one and\nonly one ADD UNDOFILE clause. No DROP UNDOFILE clause is currently\nsupported.\n\n*Note*:\n\nAll NDB Cluster Disk Data objects share the same namespace. This means\nthat each Disk Data object must be uniquely named (and not merely each\nDisk Data object of a given type). For example, you cannot have a\ntablespace and an undo log file with the same name, or an undo log file\nand a data file with the same name.\n\nThe optional INITIAL_SIZE parameter sets the UNDO file\'s initial size\nin bytes; if not specified, the initial size defaults to 134217728 (128\nMB). You may optionally follow size with a one-letter abbreviation for\nan order of magnitude, similar to those used in my.cnf. Generally, this\nis one of the letters M (megabytes) or G (gigabytes). (Bug #13116514,\nBug #16104705, Bug #62858)\n\nOn 32-bit systems, the maximum supported value for INITIAL_SIZE is\n4294967296 (4 GB). (Bug #29186)\n\nThe minimum allowed value for INITIAL_SIZE is 1048576 (1 MB). (Bug\n#29574)\n\n*Note*:\n\nWAIT is parsed but otherwise ignored. This keyword currently has no\neffect, and is intended for future expansion.\n\nThe ENGINE parameter (required) determines the storage engine which is\nused by this log file group, with engine_name being the name of the\nstorage engine. Currently, the only accepted values for engine_name are\n"NDBCLUSTER" and "NDB". The two values are equivalent.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/alter-logfile-group.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/alter-logfile-group.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (493,33,'ALTER PROCEDURE','Syntax:\nALTER PROCEDURE proc_name [characteristic ...]\n\ncharacteristic:\n    COMMENT \'string\'\n  | LANGUAGE SQL\n  | { CONTAINS SQL | NO SQL | READS SQL DATA | MODIFIES SQL DATA }\n  | SQL SECURITY { DEFINER | INVOKER }\n\nThis statement can be used to change the characteristics of a stored\nprocedure. More than one change may be specified in an ALTER PROCEDURE\nstatement. However, you cannot change the parameters or body of a\nstored procedure using this statement; to make such changes, you must\ndrop and re-create the procedure using DROP PROCEDURE and CREATE\nPROCEDURE.\n\nYou must have the ALTER ROUTINE privilege for the procedure. By\ndefault, that privilege is granted automatically to the procedure\ncreator. This behavior can be changed by disabling the\nautomatic_sp_privileges system variable. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/stored-routines-privileges.html\n.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/alter-procedure.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/alter-procedure.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (494,33,'ALTER SERVER','Syntax:\nALTER SERVER  server_name\n    OPTIONS (option [, option] ...)\n\nAlters the server information for server_name, adjusting any of the\noptions permitted in the CREATE SERVER statement. The corresponding\nfields in the mysql.servers table are updated accordingly. This\nstatement requires the SUPER privilege.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/alter-server.html\n\n','ALTER SERVER s OPTIONS (USER \'sally\');\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/alter-server.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (495,33,'ALTER TABLE','Syntax:\nALTER TABLE tbl_name\n    [alter_specification [, alter_specification] ...]\n    [partition_options]\n\nalter_specification:\n    table_options\n  | ADD [COLUMN] col_name column_definition\n        [FIRST | AFTER col_name]\n  | ADD [COLUMN] (col_name column_definition,...)\n  | ADD {INDEX|KEY} [index_name]\n        [index_type] (key_part,...) [index_option] ...\n  | ADD {FULLTEXT|SPATIAL} [INDEX|KEY] [index_name]\n        (key_part,...) [index_option] ...\n  | ADD [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] PRIMARY KEY\n        [index_type] (key_part,...)\n        [index_option] ...\n  | ADD [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] UNIQUE [INDEX|KEY]\n        [index_name] [index_type] (key_part,...)\n        [index_option] ...\n  | ADD [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] FOREIGN KEY\n        [index_name] (col_name,...)\n        reference_definition\n  | ADD CHECK (expr)\n  | ALGORITHM [=] {DEFAULT|INPLACE|COPY}\n  | ALTER [COLUMN] col_name {SET DEFAULT literal | DROP DEFAULT}\n  | CHANGE [COLUMN] old_col_name new_col_name column_definition\n        [FIRST|AFTER col_name]\n  | [DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET [=] charset_name [COLLATE [=] collation_name]\n  | CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET charset_name [COLLATE collation_name]\n  | {DISABLE|ENABLE} KEYS\n  | {DISCARD|IMPORT} TABLESPACE\n  | DROP [COLUMN] col_name\n  | DROP {INDEX|KEY} index_name\n  | DROP PRIMARY KEY\n  | DROP FOREIGN KEY fk_symbol\n  | FORCE\n  | LOCK [=] {DEFAULT|NONE|SHARED|EXCLUSIVE}\n  | MODIFY [COLUMN] col_name column_definition\n        [FIRST | AFTER col_name]\n  | ORDER BY col_name [, col_name] ...\n  | RENAME {INDEX|KEY} old_index_name TO new_index_name\n  | RENAME [TO|AS] new_tbl_name\n  | {WITHOUT|WITH} VALIDATION\n\npartition_options:\n    partition_option [partition_option] ...\n\npartition_option:\n    ADD PARTITION (partition_definition)\n  | DROP PARTITION partition_names\n  | DISCARD PARTITION {partition_names | ALL} TABLESPACE\n  | IMPORT PARTITION {partition_names | ALL} TABLESPACE\n  | TRUNCATE PARTITION {partition_names | ALL}\n  | COALESCE PARTITION number\n  | REORGANIZE PARTITION partition_names INTO (partition_definitions)\n  | EXCHANGE PARTITION partition_name WITH TABLE tbl_name [{WITH|WITHOUT} VALIDATION]\n  | ANALYZE PARTITION {partition_names | ALL}\n  | CHECK PARTITION {partition_names | ALL}\n  | OPTIMIZE PARTITION {partition_names | ALL}\n  | REBUILD PARTITION {partition_names | ALL}\n  | REPAIR PARTITION {partition_names | ALL}\n  | REMOVE PARTITIONING\n  | UPGRADE PARTITIONING\n\nkey_part:\n    col_name [(length)] [ASC | DESC]\n\nindex_type:\n    USING {BTREE | HASH}\n\nindex_option:\n    KEY_BLOCK_SIZE [=] value\n  | index_type\n  | WITH PARSER parser_name\n  | COMMENT \'string\'\n\ntable_options:\n    table_option [[,] table_option] ...\n\ntable_option:\n    AUTO_INCREMENT [=] value\n  | AVG_ROW_LENGTH [=] value\n  | [DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET [=] charset_name\n  | CHECKSUM [=] {0 | 1}\n  | [DEFAULT] COLLATE [=] collation_name\n  | COMMENT [=] \'string\'\n  | COMPRESSION [=] {\'ZLIB\'|\'LZ4\'|\'NONE\'}\n  | CONNECTION [=] \'connect_string\'\n  | {DATA|INDEX} DIRECTORY [=] \'absolute path to directory\'\n  | DELAY_KEY_WRITE [=] {0 | 1}\n  | ENCRYPTION [=] {\'Y\' | \'N\'}\n  | ENGINE [=] engine_name\n  | INSERT_METHOD [=] { NO | FIRST | LAST }\n  | KEY_BLOCK_SIZE [=] value\n  | MAX_ROWS [=] value\n  | MIN_ROWS [=] value\n  | PACK_KEYS [=] {0 | 1 | DEFAULT}\n  | PASSWORD [=] \'string\'\n  | ROW_FORMAT [=] {DEFAULT|DYNAMIC|FIXED|COMPRESSED|REDUNDANT|COMPACT}\n  | STATS_AUTO_RECALC [=] {DEFAULT|0|1}\n  | STATS_PERSISTENT [=] {DEFAULT|0|1}\n  | STATS_SAMPLE_PAGES [=] value\n  | TABLESPACE tablespace_name [STORAGE {DISK|MEMORY}]\n  | UNION [=] (tbl_name[,tbl_name]...)\n\npartition_options:\n    (see CREATE TABLE options)\n\nALTER TABLE changes the structure of a table. For example, you can add\nor delete columns, create or destroy indexes, change the type of\nexisting columns, or rename columns or the table itself. You can also\nchange characteristics such as the storage engine used for the table or\nthe table comment.\n\no To use ALTER TABLE, you need ALTER, CREATE, and INSERT privileges for\n  the table. Renaming a table requires ALTER and DROP on the old table,\n  ALTER, CREATE, and INSERT on the new table.\n\no Following the table name, specify the alterations to be made. If none\n  are given, ALTER TABLE does nothing.\n\no The syntax for many of the permissible alterations is similar to\n  clauses of the CREATE TABLE statement. column_definition clauses use\n  the same syntax for ADD and CHANGE as for CREATE TABLE. For more\n  information, see [HELP CREATE TABLE].\n\no The word COLUMN is optional and can be omitted.\n\no Multiple ADD, ALTER, DROP, and CHANGE clauses are permitted in a\n  single ALTER TABLE statement, separated by commas. This is a MySQL\n  extension to standard SQL, which permits only one of each clause per\n  ALTER TABLE statement. For example, to drop multiple columns in a\n  single statement, do this:\n\nALTER TABLE t2 DROP COLUMN c, DROP COLUMN d;\n\no If a storage engine does not support an attempted ALTER TABLE\n  operation, a warning may result. Such warnings can be displayed with\n  SHOW WARNINGS. See [HELP SHOW WARNINGS]. For information on\n  troubleshooting ALTER TABLE, see\n  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/alter-table-problems.html.\n\no For information about generated columns, see\n  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/alter-table-generated-columns\n  .html.\n\no For usage examples, see\n  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/alter-table-examples.html.\n\no With the mysql_info() C API function, you can find out how many rows\n  were copied by ALTER TABLE. See\n  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysql-info.html.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/alter-table.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/alter-table.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (496,33,'ALTER TABLESPACE','Syntax:\nALTER TABLESPACE tablespace_name\n    {ADD|DROP} DATAFILE \'file_name\'\n    [INITIAL_SIZE [=] size]\n    [WAIT]\n    ENGINE [=] engine_name\n\nThis statement is used either to add a new data file, or to drop a data\nfile from a tablespace.\n\nThe ADD DATAFILE variant enables you to specify an initial size using\nan INITIAL_SIZE clause, where size is measured in bytes; the default\nvalue is 134217728 (128 MB). You may optionally follow size with a\none-letter abbreviation for an order of magnitude, similar to those\nused in my.cnf. Generally, this is one of the letters M (megabytes) or\nG (gigabytes).\n\n*Note*:\n\nAll NDB Cluster Disk Data objects share the same namespace. This means\nthat each Disk Data object must be uniquely named (and not merely each\nDisk Data object of a given type). For example, you cannot have a\ntablespace and a data file with the same name, or an undo log file and\na tablespace with the same name.\n\nOn 32-bit systems, the maximum supported value for INITIAL_SIZE is\n4294967296 (4 GB). (Bug #29186)\n\nINITIAL_SIZE is rounded, explicitly, as for CREATE TABLESPACE.\n\nOnce a data file has been created, its size cannot be changed; however,\nyou can add more data files to the tablespace using additional ALTER\nTABLESPACE ... ADD DATAFILE statements.\n\nUsing DROP DATAFILE with ALTER TABLESPACE drops the data file\n\'file_name\' from the tablespace. You cannot drop a data file from a\ntablespace which is in use by any table; in other words, the data file\nmust be empty (no extents used). See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysql-cluster-disk-data-objects\n.html. In addition, any data file to be dropped must previously have\nbeen added to the tablespace with CREATE TABLESPACE or ALTER\nTABLESPACE.\n\nBoth ALTER TABLESPACE ... ADD DATAFILE and ALTER TABLESPACE ... DROP\nDATAFILE require an ENGINE clause which specifies the storage engine\nused by the tablespace. Currently, the only accepted values for\nengine_name are NDB and NDBCLUSTER.\n\nWAIT is parsed but otherwise ignored, and so has no effect in MySQL\n5.7. It is intended for future expansion.\n\nWhen ALTER TABLESPACE ... ADD DATAFILE is used with ENGINE = NDB, a\ndata file is created on each Cluster data node. You can verify that the\ndata files were created and obtain information about them by querying\nthe INFORMATION_SCHEMA.FILES table. For example, the following query\nshows all data files belonging to the tablespace named newts:\n\nmysql> SELECT LOGFILE_GROUP_NAME, FILE_NAME, EXTRA\n    -> FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.FILES\n    -> WHERE TABLESPACE_NAME = \'newts\' AND FILE_TYPE = \'DATAFILE\';\n+--------------------+--------------+----------------+\n| LOGFILE_GROUP_NAME | FILE_NAME    | EXTRA          |\n+--------------------+--------------+----------------+\n| lg_3               | newdata.dat  | CLUSTER_NODE=3 |\n| lg_3               | newdata.dat  | CLUSTER_NODE=4 |\n| lg_3               | newdata2.dat | CLUSTER_NODE=3 |\n| lg_3               | newdata2.dat | CLUSTER_NODE=4 |\n+--------------------+--------------+----------------+\n2 rows in set (0.03 sec)\n\nSee https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/files-table.html.\n\nALTER TABLESPACE is useful only with Disk Data storage for NDB Cluster.\nSee\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysql-cluster-disk-data.html.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/alter-tablespace.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/alter-tablespace.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (497,33,'ALTER VIEW','Syntax:\nALTER\n    [ALGORITHM = {UNDEFINED | MERGE | TEMPTABLE}]\n    [DEFINER = user]\n    [SQL SECURITY { DEFINER | INVOKER }]\n    VIEW view_name [(column_list)]\n    AS select_statement\n    [WITH [CASCADED | LOCAL] CHECK OPTION]\n\nThis statement changes the definition of a view, which must exist. The\nsyntax is similar to that for CREATE VIEW see [HELP CREATE VIEW]). This\nstatement requires the CREATE VIEW and DROP privileges for the view,\nand some privilege for each column referred to in the SELECT statement.\nALTER VIEW is permitted only to the definer or users with the SUPER\nprivilege.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/alter-view.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/alter-view.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (498,33,'CREATE DATABASE','Syntax:\nCREATE {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [IF NOT EXISTS] db_name\n    [create_specification] ...\n\ncreate_specification:\n    [DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET [=] charset_name\n  | [DEFAULT] COLLATE [=] collation_name\n\nCREATE DATABASE creates a database with the given name. To use this\nstatement, you need the CREATE privilege for the database. CREATE\nSCHEMA is a synonym for CREATE DATABASE.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-database.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-database.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (499,33,'CREATE SCHEMA','Syntax:\nCREATE {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [IF NOT EXISTS] db_name\n    [create_specification] ...\n\ncreate_specification:\n    [DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET [=] charset_name\n  | [DEFAULT] COLLATE [=] collation_name\n\nCREATE DATABASE creates a database with the given name. To use this\nstatement, you need the CREATE privilege for the database. CREATE\nSCHEMA is a synonym for CREATE DATABASE.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-database.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-database.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (500,33,'CREATE EVENT','Syntax:\nCREATE\n    [DEFINER = user]\n    EVENT\n    [IF NOT EXISTS]\n    event_name\n    ON SCHEDULE schedule\n    [ON COMPLETION [NOT] PRESERVE]\n    [ENABLE | DISABLE | DISABLE ON SLAVE]\n    [COMMENT \'string\']\n    DO event_body;\n\nschedule:\n    AT timestamp [+ INTERVAL interval] ...\n  | EVERY interval\n    [STARTS timestamp [+ INTERVAL interval] ...]\n    [ENDS timestamp [+ INTERVAL interval] ...]\n\ninterval:\n    quantity {YEAR | QUARTER | MONTH | DAY | HOUR | MINUTE |\n              WEEK | SECOND | YEAR_MONTH | DAY_HOUR | DAY_MINUTE |\n              DAY_SECOND | HOUR_MINUTE | HOUR_SECOND | MINUTE_SECOND}\n\nThis statement creates and schedules a new event. The event will not\nrun unless the Event Scheduler is enabled. For information about\nchecking Event Scheduler status and enabling it if necessary, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/events-configuration.html.\n\nCREATE EVENT requires the EVENT privilege for the schema in which the\nevent is to be created. If the DEFINER clause is present, the\nprivileges required depend on the user value, as discussed in\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/stored-objects-security.html.\n\nThe minimum requirements for a valid CREATE EVENT statement are as\nfollows:\n\no The keywords CREATE EVENT plus an event name, which uniquely\n  identifies the event in a database schema.\n\no An ON SCHEDULE clause, which determines when and how often the event\n  executes.\n\no A DO clause, which contains the SQL statement to be executed by an\n  event.\n\nThis is an example of a minimal CREATE EVENT statement:\n\nCREATE EVENT myevent\n    ON SCHEDULE AT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP + INTERVAL 1 HOUR\n    DO\n      UPDATE myschema.mytable SET mycol = mycol + 1;\n\nThe previous statement creates an event named myevent. This event\nexecutes once---one hour following its creation---by running an SQL\nstatement that increments the value of the myschema.mytable table\'s\nmycol column by 1.\n\nThe event_name must be a valid MySQL identifier with a maximum length\nof 64 characters. Event names are not case-sensitive, so you cannot\nhave two events named myevent and MyEvent in the same schema. In\ngeneral, the rules governing event names are the same as those for\nnames of stored routines. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/identifiers.html.\n\nAn event is associated with a schema. If no schema is indicated as part\nof event_name, the default (current) schema is assumed. To create an\nevent in a specific schema, qualify the event name with a schema using\nschema_name.event_name syntax.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-event.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-event.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (501,33,'CREATE INDEX','Syntax:\nCREATE [UNIQUE | FULLTEXT | SPATIAL] INDEX index_name\n    [index_type]\n    ON tbl_name (key_part,...)\n    [index_option]\n    [algorithm_option | lock_option] ...\n\nkey_part:\n    col_name [(length)] [ASC | DESC]\n\nindex_option:\n    KEY_BLOCK_SIZE [=] value\n  | index_type\n  | WITH PARSER parser_name\n  | COMMENT \'string\'\n\nindex_type:\n    USING {BTREE | HASH}\n\nalgorithm_option:\n    ALGORITHM [=] {DEFAULT | INPLACE | COPY}\n\nlock_option:\n    LOCK [=] {DEFAULT | NONE | SHARED | EXCLUSIVE}\n\nNormally, you create all indexes on a table at the time the table\nitself is created with CREATE TABLE. See [HELP CREATE TABLE]. This\nguideline is especially important for InnoDB tables, where the primary\nkey determines the physical layout of rows in the data file. CREATE\nINDEX enables you to add indexes to existing tables.\n\nCREATE INDEX is mapped to an ALTER TABLE statement to create indexes.\nSee [HELP ALTER TABLE]. CREATE INDEX cannot be used to create a PRIMARY\nKEY; use ALTER TABLE instead. For more information about indexes, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysql-indexes.html.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-index.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-index.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (502,33,'CREATE LOGFILE GROUP','Syntax:\nCREATE LOGFILE GROUP logfile_group\n    ADD UNDOFILE \'undo_file\'\n    [INITIAL_SIZE [=] initial_size]\n    [UNDO_BUFFER_SIZE [=] undo_buffer_size]\n    [REDO_BUFFER_SIZE [=] redo_buffer_size]\n    [NODEGROUP [=] nodegroup_id]\n    [WAIT]\n    [COMMENT [=] \'string\']\n    ENGINE [=] engine_name\n\nThis statement creates a new log file group named logfile_group having\na single UNDO file named \'undo_file\'. A CREATE LOGFILE GROUP statement\nhas one and only one ADD UNDOFILE clause. For rules covering the naming\nof log file groups, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/identifiers.html.\n\n*Note*:\n\nAll NDB Cluster Disk Data objects share the same namespace. This means\nthat each Disk Data object must be uniquely named (and not merely each\nDisk Data object of a given type). For example, you cannot have a\ntablespace and a log file group with the same name, or a tablespace and\na data file with the same name.\n\nThere can be only one log file group per NDB Cluster instance at any\ngiven time.\n\nThe optional INITIAL_SIZE parameter sets the UNDO file\'s initial size;\nif not specified, it defaults to 128M (128 megabytes). The optional\nUNDO_BUFFER_SIZE parameter sets the size used by the UNDO buffer for\nthe log file group; The default value for UNDO_BUFFER_SIZE is 8M (eight\nmegabytes); this value cannot exceed the amount of system memory\navailable. Both of these parameters are specified in bytes. You may\noptionally follow either or both of these with a one-letter\nabbreviation for an order of magnitude, similar to those used in\nmy.cnf. Generally, this is one of the letters M (for megabytes) or G\n(for gigabytes).\n\nMemory used for UNDO_BUFFER_SIZE comes from the global pool whose size\nis determined by the value of the SharedGlobalMemory data node\nconfiguration parameter. This includes any default value implied for\nthis option by the setting of the InitialLogFileGroup data node\nconfiguration parameter.\n\nThe maximum permitted for UNDO_BUFFER_SIZE is 629145600 (600 MB).\n\nOn 32-bit systems, the maximum supported value for INITIAL_SIZE is\n4294967296 (4 GB). (Bug #29186)\n\nThe minimum allowed value for INITIAL_SIZE is 1048576 (1 MB).\n\nThe ENGINE option determines the storage engine to be used by this log\nfile group, with engine_name being the name of the storage engine. In\nMySQL 5.7, this must be NDB (or NDBCLUSTER). If ENGINE is not set,\nMySQL tries to use the engine specified by the default_storage_engine\nserver system variable (formerly storage_engine). In any case, if the\nengine is not specified as NDB or NDBCLUSTER, the CREATE LOGFILE GROUP\nstatement appears to succeed but actually fails to create the log file\ngroup, as shown here:\n\nmysql> CREATE LOGFILE GROUP lg1\n    ->     ADD UNDOFILE \'undo.dat\' INITIAL_SIZE = 10M;\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)\n\nmysql> SHOW WARNINGS;\n+-------+------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| Level | Code | Message                                                                                        |\n+-------+------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| Error | 1478 | Table storage engine \'InnoDB\' does not support the create option \'TABLESPACE or LOGFILE GROUP\' |\n+-------+------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n1 row in set (0.00 sec)\n\nmysql> DROP LOGFILE GROUP lg1 ENGINE = NDB;            \nERROR 1529 (HY000): Failed to drop LOGFILE GROUP\n\nmysql> CREATE LOGFILE GROUP lg1\n    ->     ADD UNDOFILE \'undo.dat\' INITIAL_SIZE = 10M\n    ->     ENGINE = NDB;\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected (2.97 sec)\n\nThe fact that the CREATE LOGFILE GROUP statement does not actually\nreturn an error when a non-NDB storage engine is named, but rather\nappears to succeed, is a known issue which we hope to address in a\nfuture release of NDB Cluster.\n\nREDO_BUFFER_SIZE, NODEGROUP, WAIT, and COMMENT are parsed but ignored,\nand so have no effect in MySQL 5.7. These options are intended for\nfuture expansion.\n\nWhen used with ENGINE [=] NDB, a log file group and associated UNDO log\nfile are created on each Cluster data node. You can verify that the\nUNDO files were created and obtain information about them by querying\nthe INFORMATION_SCHEMA.FILES table. For example:\n\nmysql> SELECT LOGFILE_GROUP_NAME, LOGFILE_GROUP_NUMBER, EXTRA\n    -> FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.FILES\n    -> WHERE FILE_NAME = \'undo_10.dat\';\n+--------------------+----------------------+----------------+\n| LOGFILE_GROUP_NAME | LOGFILE_GROUP_NUMBER | EXTRA          |\n+--------------------+----------------------+----------------+\n| lg_3               |                   11 | CLUSTER_NODE=3 |\n| lg_3               |                   11 | CLUSTER_NODE=4 |\n+--------------------+----------------------+----------------+\n2 rows in set (0.06 sec)\n\nCREATE LOGFILE GROUP is useful only with Disk Data storage for NDB\nCluster. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysql-cluster-disk-data.html.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-logfile-group.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-logfile-group.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (503,33,'CREATE PROCEDURE','Syntax:\nCREATE\n    [DEFINER = user]\n    PROCEDURE sp_name ([proc_parameter[,...]])\n    [characteristic ...] routine_body\n\nCREATE\n    [DEFINER = user]\n    FUNCTION sp_name ([func_parameter[,...]])\n    RETURNS type\n    [characteristic ...] routine_body\n\nproc_parameter:\n    [ IN | OUT | INOUT ] param_name type\n\nfunc_parameter:\n    param_name type\n\ntype:\n    Any valid MySQL data type\n\ncharacteristic:\n    COMMENT \'string\'\n  | LANGUAGE SQL\n  | [NOT] DETERMINISTIC\n  | { CONTAINS SQL | NO SQL | READS SQL DATA | MODIFIES SQL DATA }\n  | SQL SECURITY { DEFINER | INVOKER }\n\nroutine_body:\n    Valid SQL routine statement\n\nThese statements create stored routines. By default, a routine is\nassociated with the default database. To associate the routine\nexplicitly with a given database, specify the name as db_name.sp_name\nwhen you create it.\n\nThe CREATE FUNCTION statement is also used in MySQL to support UDFs\n(user-defined functions). See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/adding-functions.html. A UDF\ncan be regarded as an external stored function. Stored functions share\ntheir namespace with UDFs. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/function-resolution.html, for\nthe rules describing how the server interprets references to different\nkinds of functions.\n\nTo invoke a stored procedure, use the CALL statement (see [HELP CALL]).\nTo invoke a stored function, refer to it in an expression. The function\nreturns a value during expression evaluation.\n\nCREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION require the CREATE ROUTINE\nprivilege. If the DEFINER clause is present, the privileges required\ndepend on the user value, as discussed in\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/stored-objects-security.html.\nIf binary logging is enabled, CREATE FUNCTION might require the SUPER\nprivilege, as discussed in\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/stored-programs-logging.html.\n\nBy default, MySQL automatically grants the ALTER ROUTINE and EXECUTE\nprivileges to the routine creator. This behavior can be changed by\ndisabling the automatic_sp_privileges system variable. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/stored-routines-privileges.html\n.\n\nThe DEFINER and SQL SECURITY clauses specify the security context to be\nused when checking access privileges at routine execution time, as\ndescribed later in this section.\n\nIf the routine name is the same as the name of a built-in SQL function,\na syntax error occurs unless you use a space between the name and the\nfollowing parenthesis when defining the routine or invoking it later.\nFor this reason, avoid using the names of existing SQL functions for\nyour own stored routines.\n\nThe IGNORE_SPACE SQL mode applies to built-in functions, not to stored\nroutines. It is always permissible to have spaces after a stored\nroutine name, regardless of whether IGNORE_SPACE is enabled.\n\nThe parameter list enclosed within parentheses must always be present.\nIf there are no parameters, an empty parameter list of () should be\nused. Parameter names are not case sensitive.\n\nEach parameter is an IN parameter by default. To specify otherwise for\na parameter, use the keyword OUT or INOUT before the parameter name.\n\n*Note*:\n\nSpecifying a parameter as IN, OUT, or INOUT is valid only for a\nPROCEDURE. For a FUNCTION, parameters are always regarded as IN\nparameters.\n\nAn IN parameter passes a value into a procedure. The procedure might\nmodify the value, but the modification is not visible to the caller\nwhen the procedure returns. An OUT parameter passes a value from the\nprocedure back to the caller. Its initial value is NULL within the\nprocedure, and its value is visible to the caller when the procedure\nreturns. An INOUT parameter is initialized by the caller, can be\nmodified by the procedure, and any change made by the procedure is\nvisible to the caller when the procedure returns.\n\nFor each OUT or INOUT parameter, pass a user-defined variable in the\nCALL statement that invokes the procedure so that you can obtain its\nvalue when the procedure returns. If you are calling the procedure from\nwithin another stored procedure or function, you can also pass a\nroutine parameter or local routine variable as an OUT or INOUT\nparameter. If you are calling the procedure from within a trigger, you\ncan also pass NEW.col_name as an OUT or INOUT parameter.\n\nFor information about the effect of unhandled conditions on procedure\nparameters, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/conditions-and-parameters.html.\n\nRoutine parameters cannot be referenced in statements prepared within\nthe routine; see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/stored-program-restrictions.htm\nl.\n\nThe following example shows a simple stored procedure that uses an OUT\nparameter:\n\nmysql> delimiter //\n\nmysql> CREATE PROCEDURE simpleproc (OUT param1 INT)\n    -> BEGIN\n    ->   SELECT COUNT(*) INTO param1 FROM t;\n    -> END//\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)\n\nmysql> delimiter ;\n\nmysql> CALL simpleproc(@a);\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)\n\nmysql> SELECT @a;\n+------+\n| @a   |\n+------+\n| 3    |\n+------+\n1 row in set (0.00 sec)\n\nThe example uses the mysql client delimiter command to change the\nstatement delimiter from ; to // while the procedure is being defined.\nThis enables the ; delimiter used in the procedure body to be passed\nthrough to the server rather than being interpreted by mysql itself.\nSee\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/stored-programs-defining.html.\n\nThe RETURNS clause may be specified only for a FUNCTION, for which it\nis mandatory. It indicates the return type of the function, and the\nfunction body must contain a RETURN value statement. If the RETURN\nstatement returns a value of a different type, the value is coerced to\nthe proper type. For example, if a function specifies an ENUM or SET\nvalue in the RETURNS clause, but the RETURN statement returns an\ninteger, the value returned from the function is the string for the\ncorresponding ENUM member of set of SET members.\n\nThe following example function takes a parameter, performs an operation\nusing an SQL function, and returns the result. In this case, it is\nunnecessary to use delimiter because the function definition contains\nno internal ; statement delimiters:\n\nmysql> CREATE FUNCTION hello (s CHAR(20))\nmysql> RETURNS CHAR(50) DETERMINISTIC\n    -> RETURN CONCAT(\'Hello, \',s,\'!\');\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)\n\nmysql> SELECT hello(\'world\');\n+----------------+\n| hello(\'world\') |\n+----------------+\n| Hello, world!  |\n+----------------+\n1 row in set (0.00 sec)\n\nParameter types and function return types can be declared to use any\nvalid data type. The COLLATE attribute can be used if preceded by a\nCHARACTER SET specification.\n\nThe routine_body consists of a valid SQL routine statement. This can be\na simple statement such as SELECT or INSERT, or a compound statement\nwritten using BEGIN and END. Compound statements can contain\ndeclarations, loops, and other control structure statements. The syntax\nfor these statements is described in\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/sql-syntax-compound-statements.\nhtml. In practice, stored functions tend to use compound statements,\nunless the body consists of a single RETURN statement.\n\nMySQL permits routines to contain DDL statements, such as CREATE and\nDROP. MySQL also permits stored procedures (but not stored functions)\nto contain SQL transaction statements such as COMMIT. Stored functions\nmay not contain statements that perform explicit or implicit commit or\nrollback. Support for these statements is not required by the SQL\nstandard, which states that each DBMS vendor may decide whether to\npermit them.\n\nStatements that return a result set can be used within a stored\nprocedure but not within a stored function. This prohibition includes\nSELECT statements that do not have an INTO var_list clause and other\nstatements such as SHOW, EXPLAIN, and CHECK TABLE. For statements that\ncan be determined at function definition time to return a result set, a\nNot allowed to return a result set from a function error occurs\n(ER_SP_NO_RETSET). For statements that can be determined only at\nruntime to return a result set, a PROCEDURE %s can\'t return a result\nset in the given context error occurs (ER_SP_BADSELECT).\n\nUSE statements within stored routines are not permitted. When a routine\nis invoked, an implicit USE db_name is performed (and undone when the\nroutine terminates). The causes the routine to have the given default\ndatabase while it executes. References to objects in databases other\nthan the routine default database should be qualified with the\nappropriate database name.\n\nFor additional information about statements that are not permitted in\nstored routines, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/stored-program-restrictions.htm\nl.\n\nFor information about invoking stored procedures from within programs\nwritten in a language that has a MySQL interface, see [HELP CALL].\n\nMySQL stores the sql_mode system variable setting in effect when a\nroutine is created or altered, and always executes the routine with\nthis setting in force, regardless of the current server SQL mode when\nthe routine begins executing.\n\nThe switch from the SQL mode of the invoker to that of the routine\noccurs after evaluation of arguments and assignment of the resulting\nvalues to routine parameters. If you define a routine in strict SQL\nmode but invoke it in nonstrict mode, assignment of arguments to\nroutine parameters does not take place in strict mode. If you require\nthat expressions passed to a routine be assigned in strict SQL mode,\nyou should invoke the routine with strict mode in effect.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-procedure.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-procedure.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (504,33,'CREATE FUNCTION','Syntax:\nCREATE\n    [DEFINER = user]\n    PROCEDURE sp_name ([proc_parameter[,...]])\n    [characteristic ...] routine_body\n\nCREATE\n    [DEFINER = user]\n    FUNCTION sp_name ([func_parameter[,...]])\n    RETURNS type\n    [characteristic ...] routine_body\n\nproc_parameter:\n    [ IN | OUT | INOUT ] param_name type\n\nfunc_parameter:\n    param_name type\n\ntype:\n    Any valid MySQL data type\n\ncharacteristic:\n    COMMENT \'string\'\n  | LANGUAGE SQL\n  | [NOT] DETERMINISTIC\n  | { CONTAINS SQL | NO SQL | READS SQL DATA | MODIFIES SQL DATA }\n  | SQL SECURITY { DEFINER | INVOKER }\n\nroutine_body:\n    Valid SQL routine statement\n\nThese statements create stored routines. By default, a routine is\nassociated with the default database. To associate the routine\nexplicitly with a given database, specify the name as db_name.sp_name\nwhen you create it.\n\nThe CREATE FUNCTION statement is also used in MySQL to support UDFs\n(user-defined functions). See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/adding-functions.html. A UDF\ncan be regarded as an external stored function. Stored functions share\ntheir namespace with UDFs. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/function-resolution.html, for\nthe rules describing how the server interprets references to different\nkinds of functions.\n\nTo invoke a stored procedure, use the CALL statement (see [HELP CALL]).\nTo invoke a stored function, refer to it in an expression. The function\nreturns a value during expression evaluation.\n\nCREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION require the CREATE ROUTINE\nprivilege. If the DEFINER clause is present, the privileges required\ndepend on the user value, as discussed in\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/stored-objects-security.html.\nIf binary logging is enabled, CREATE FUNCTION might require the SUPER\nprivilege, as discussed in\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/stored-programs-logging.html.\n\nBy default, MySQL automatically grants the ALTER ROUTINE and EXECUTE\nprivileges to the routine creator. This behavior can be changed by\ndisabling the automatic_sp_privileges system variable. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/stored-routines-privileges.html\n.\n\nThe DEFINER and SQL SECURITY clauses specify the security context to be\nused when checking access privileges at routine execution time, as\ndescribed later in this section.\n\nIf the routine name is the same as the name of a built-in SQL function,\na syntax error occurs unless you use a space between the name and the\nfollowing parenthesis when defining the routine or invoking it later.\nFor this reason, avoid using the names of existing SQL functions for\nyour own stored routines.\n\nThe IGNORE_SPACE SQL mode applies to built-in functions, not to stored\nroutines. It is always permissible to have spaces after a stored\nroutine name, regardless of whether IGNORE_SPACE is enabled.\n\nThe parameter list enclosed within parentheses must always be present.\nIf there are no parameters, an empty parameter list of () should be\nused. Parameter names are not case sensitive.\n\nEach parameter is an IN parameter by default. To specify otherwise for\na parameter, use the keyword OUT or INOUT before the parameter name.\n\n*Note*:\n\nSpecifying a parameter as IN, OUT, or INOUT is valid only for a\nPROCEDURE. For a FUNCTION, parameters are always regarded as IN\nparameters.\n\nAn IN parameter passes a value into a procedure. The procedure might\nmodify the value, but the modification is not visible to the caller\nwhen the procedure returns. An OUT parameter passes a value from the\nprocedure back to the caller. Its initial value is NULL within the\nprocedure, and its value is visible to the caller when the procedure\nreturns. An INOUT parameter is initialized by the caller, can be\nmodified by the procedure, and any change made by the procedure is\nvisible to the caller when the procedure returns.\n\nFor each OUT or INOUT parameter, pass a user-defined variable in the\nCALL statement that invokes the procedure so that you can obtain its\nvalue when the procedure returns. If you are calling the procedure from\nwithin another stored procedure or function, you can also pass a\nroutine parameter or local routine variable as an OUT or INOUT\nparameter. If you are calling the procedure from within a trigger, you\ncan also pass NEW.col_name as an OUT or INOUT parameter.\n\nFor information about the effect of unhandled conditions on procedure\nparameters, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/conditions-and-parameters.html.\n\nRoutine parameters cannot be referenced in statements prepared within\nthe routine; see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/stored-program-restrictions.htm\nl.\n\nThe following example shows a simple stored procedure that uses an OUT\nparameter:\n\nmysql> delimiter //\n\nmysql> CREATE PROCEDURE simpleproc (OUT param1 INT)\n    -> BEGIN\n    ->   SELECT COUNT(*) INTO param1 FROM t;\n    -> END//\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)\n\nmysql> delimiter ;\n\nmysql> CALL simpleproc(@a);\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)\n\nmysql> SELECT @a;\n+------+\n| @a   |\n+------+\n| 3    |\n+------+\n1 row in set (0.00 sec)\n\nThe example uses the mysql client delimiter command to change the\nstatement delimiter from ; to // while the procedure is being defined.\nThis enables the ; delimiter used in the procedure body to be passed\nthrough to the server rather than being interpreted by mysql itself.\nSee\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/stored-programs-defining.html.\n\nThe RETURNS clause may be specified only for a FUNCTION, for which it\nis mandatory. It indicates the return type of the function, and the\nfunction body must contain a RETURN value statement. If the RETURN\nstatement returns a value of a different type, the value is coerced to\nthe proper type. For example, if a function specifies an ENUM or SET\nvalue in the RETURNS clause, but the RETURN statement returns an\ninteger, the value returned from the function is the string for the\ncorresponding ENUM member of set of SET members.\n\nThe following example function takes a parameter, performs an operation\nusing an SQL function, and returns the result. In this case, it is\nunnecessary to use delimiter because the function definition contains\nno internal ; statement delimiters:\n\nmysql> CREATE FUNCTION hello (s CHAR(20))\nmysql> RETURNS CHAR(50) DETERMINISTIC\n    -> RETURN CONCAT(\'Hello, \',s,\'!\');\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)\n\nmysql> SELECT hello(\'world\');\n+----------------+\n| hello(\'world\') |\n+----------------+\n| Hello, world!  |\n+----------------+\n1 row in set (0.00 sec)\n\nParameter types and function return types can be declared to use any\nvalid data type. The COLLATE attribute can be used if preceded by a\nCHARACTER SET specification.\n\nThe routine_body consists of a valid SQL routine statement. This can be\na simple statement such as SELECT or INSERT, or a compound statement\nwritten using BEGIN and END. Compound statements can contain\ndeclarations, loops, and other control structure statements. The syntax\nfor these statements is described in\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/sql-syntax-compound-statements.\nhtml. In practice, stored functions tend to use compound statements,\nunless the body consists of a single RETURN statement.\n\nMySQL permits routines to contain DDL statements, such as CREATE and\nDROP. MySQL also permits stored procedures (but not stored functions)\nto contain SQL transaction statements such as COMMIT. Stored functions\nmay not contain statements that perform explicit or implicit commit or\nrollback. Support for these statements is not required by the SQL\nstandard, which states that each DBMS vendor may decide whether to\npermit them.\n\nStatements that return a result set can be used within a stored\nprocedure but not within a stored function. This prohibition includes\nSELECT statements that do not have an INTO var_list clause and other\nstatements such as SHOW, EXPLAIN, and CHECK TABLE. For statements that\ncan be determined at function definition time to return a result set, a\nNot allowed to return a result set from a function error occurs\n(ER_SP_NO_RETSET). For statements that can be determined only at\nruntime to return a result set, a PROCEDURE %s can\'t return a result\nset in the given context error occurs (ER_SP_BADSELECT).\n\nUSE statements within stored routines are not permitted. When a routine\nis invoked, an implicit USE db_name is performed (and undone when the\nroutine terminates). The causes the routine to have the given default\ndatabase while it executes. References to objects in databases other\nthan the routine default database should be qualified with the\nappropriate database name.\n\nFor additional information about statements that are not permitted in\nstored routines, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/stored-program-restrictions.htm\nl.\n\nFor information about invoking stored procedures from within programs\nwritten in a language that has a MySQL interface, see [HELP CALL].\n\nMySQL stores the sql_mode system variable setting in effect when a\nroutine is created or altered, and always executes the routine with\nthis setting in force, regardless of the current server SQL mode when\nthe routine begins executing.\n\nThe switch from the SQL mode of the invoker to that of the routine\noccurs after evaluation of arguments and assignment of the resulting\nvalues to routine parameters. If you define a routine in strict SQL\nmode but invoke it in nonstrict mode, assignment of arguments to\nroutine parameters does not take place in strict mode. If you require\nthat expressions passed to a routine be assigned in strict SQL mode,\nyou should invoke the routine with strict mode in effect.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-procedure.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-procedure.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (505,33,'CREATE SERVER','Syntax:\nCREATE SERVER server_name\n    FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER wrapper_name\n    OPTIONS (option [, option] ...)\n\noption:\n  { HOST character-literal\n  | DATABASE character-literal\n  | USER character-literal\n  | PASSWORD character-literal\n  | SOCKET character-literal\n  | OWNER character-literal\n  | PORT numeric-literal }\n\nThis statement creates the definition of a server for use with the\nFEDERATED storage engine. The CREATE SERVER statement creates a new row\nin the servers table in the mysql database. This statement requires the\nSUPER privilege.\n\nThe server_name should be a unique reference to the server. Server\ndefinitions are global within the scope of the server, it is not\npossible to qualify the server definition to a specific database.\nserver_name has a maximum length of 64 characters (names longer than 64\ncharacters are silently truncated), and is case insensitive. You may\nspecify the name as a quoted string.\n\nThe wrapper_name is an identifier and may be quoted with single\nquotation marks.\n\nFor each option you must specify either a character literal or numeric\nliteral. Character literals are UTF-8, support a maximum length of 64\ncharacters and default to a blank (empty) string. String literals are\nsilently truncated to 64 characters. Numeric literals must be a number\nbetween 0 and 9999, default value is 0.\n\n*Note*:\n\nThe OWNER option is currently not applied, and has no effect on the\nownership or operation of the server connection that is created.\n\nThe CREATE SERVER statement creates an entry in the mysql.servers table\nthat can later be used with the CREATE TABLE statement when creating a\nFEDERATED table. The options that you specify will be used to populate\nthe columns in the mysql.servers table. The table columns are\nServer_name, Host, Db, Username, Password, Port and Socket.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-server.html\n\n','CREATE SERVER s\nFOREIGN DATA WRAPPER mysql\nOPTIONS (USER \'Remote\', HOST \'198.51.100.106\', DATABASE \'test\');\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-server.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (506,33,'CREATE TABLE','Syntax:\nCREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name\n    (create_definition,...)\n    [table_options]\n    [partition_options]\n\nCREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name\n    [(create_definition,...)]\n    [table_options]\n    [partition_options]\n    [IGNORE | REPLACE]\n    [AS] query_expression\n\nCREATE [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name\n    { LIKE old_tbl_name | (LIKE old_tbl_name) }\n\ncreate_definition:\n    col_name column_definition\n  | {INDEX|KEY} [index_name] [index_type] (key_part,...)\n      [index_option] ...\n  | {FULLTEXT|SPATIAL} [INDEX|KEY] [index_name] (key_part,...)\n      [index_option] ...\n  | [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] PRIMARY KEY\n      [index_type] (key_part,...)\n      [index_option] ...\n  | [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] UNIQUE [INDEX|KEY]\n      [index_name] [index_type] (key_part,...)\n      [index_option] ...\n  | [CONSTRAINT [symbol]] FOREIGN KEY\n      [index_name] (col_name,...)\n      reference_definition\n  | CHECK (expr)\n\ncolumn_definition:\n    data_type [NOT NULL | NULL] [DEFAULT default_value]\n      [AUTO_INCREMENT] [UNIQUE [KEY]] [[PRIMARY] KEY]\n      [COMMENT \'string\']\n      [COLLATE collation_name]\n      [COLUMN_FORMAT {FIXED|DYNAMIC|DEFAULT}]\n      [STORAGE {DISK|MEMORY}]\n      [reference_definition]\n  | data_type\n      [COLLATE collation_name]\n      [GENERATED ALWAYS] AS (expr)\n      [VIRTUAL | STORED] [NOT NULL | NULL]\n      [UNIQUE [KEY]] [[PRIMARY] KEY]\n      [COMMENT \'string\']\n      [reference_definition]\n\ndata_type:\n    (see https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/data-types.html)\n\nkey_part:\n    col_name [(length)] [ASC | DESC]\n\nindex_type:\n    USING {BTREE | HASH}\n\nindex_option:\n    KEY_BLOCK_SIZE [=] value\n  | index_type\n  | WITH PARSER parser_name\n  | COMMENT \'string\'\n\nreference_definition:\n    REFERENCES tbl_name (key_part,...)\n      [MATCH FULL | MATCH PARTIAL | MATCH SIMPLE]\n      [ON DELETE reference_option]\n      [ON UPDATE reference_option]\n\nreference_option:\n    RESTRICT | CASCADE | SET NULL | NO ACTION | SET DEFAULT\n\ntable_options:\n    table_option [[,] table_option] ...\n\ntable_option:\n    AUTO_INCREMENT [=] value\n  | AVG_ROW_LENGTH [=] value\n  | [DEFAULT] CHARACTER SET [=] charset_name\n  | CHECKSUM [=] {0 | 1}\n  | [DEFAULT] COLLATE [=] collation_name\n  | COMMENT [=] \'string\'\n  | COMPRESSION [=] {\'ZLIB\'|\'LZ4\'|\'NONE\'}\n  | CONNECTION [=] \'connect_string\'\n  | {DATA|INDEX} DIRECTORY [=] \'absolute path to directory\'\n  | DELAY_KEY_WRITE [=] {0 | 1}\n  | ENCRYPTION [=] {\'Y\' | \'N\'}\n  | ENGINE [=] engine_name\n  | INSERT_METHOD [=] { NO | FIRST | LAST }\n  | KEY_BLOCK_SIZE [=] value\n  | MAX_ROWS [=] value\n  | MIN_ROWS [=] value\n  | PACK_KEYS [=] {0 | 1 | DEFAULT}\n  | PASSWORD [=] \'string\'\n  | ROW_FORMAT [=] {DEFAULT|DYNAMIC|FIXED|COMPRESSED|REDUNDANT|COMPACT}\n  | STATS_AUTO_RECALC [=] {DEFAULT|0|1}\n  | STATS_PERSISTENT [=] {DEFAULT|0|1}\n  | STATS_SAMPLE_PAGES [=] value\n  | TABLESPACE tablespace_name [STORAGE {DISK|MEMORY}]\n  | UNION [=] (tbl_name[,tbl_name]...)\n\npartition_options:\n    PARTITION BY\n        { [LINEAR] HASH(expr)\n        | [LINEAR] KEY [ALGORITHM={1|2}] (column_list)\n        | RANGE{(expr) | COLUMNS(column_list)}\n        | LIST{(expr) | COLUMNS(column_list)} }\n    [PARTITIONS num]\n    [SUBPARTITION BY\n        { [LINEAR] HASH(expr)\n        | [LINEAR] KEY [ALGORITHM={1|2}] (column_list) }\n      [SUBPARTITIONS num]\n    ]\n    [(partition_definition [, partition_definition] ...)]\n\npartition_definition:\n    PARTITION partition_name\n        [VALUES\n            {LESS THAN {(expr | value_list) | MAXVALUE}\n            |\n            IN (value_list)}]\n        [[STORAGE] ENGINE [=] engine_name]\n        [COMMENT [=] \'string\' ]\n        [DATA DIRECTORY [=] \'data_dir\']\n        [INDEX DIRECTORY [=] \'index_dir\']\n        [MAX_ROWS [=] max_number_of_rows]\n        [MIN_ROWS [=] min_number_of_rows]\n        [TABLESPACE [=] tablespace_name]\n        [(subpartition_definition [, subpartition_definition] ...)]\n\nsubpartition_definition:\n    SUBPARTITION logical_name\n        [[STORAGE] ENGINE [=] engine_name]\n        [COMMENT [=] \'string\' ]\n        [DATA DIRECTORY [=] \'data_dir\']\n        [INDEX DIRECTORY [=] \'index_dir\']\n        [MAX_ROWS [=] max_number_of_rows]\n        [MIN_ROWS [=] min_number_of_rows]\n        [TABLESPACE [=] tablespace_name]\n\nquery_expression:\n    SELECT ...   (Some valid select or union statement)\n\nCREATE TABLE creates a table with the given name. You must have the\nCREATE privilege for the table.\n\nBy default, tables are created in the default database, using the\nInnoDB storage engine. An error occurs if the table exists, if there is\nno default database, or if the database does not exist.\n\nMySQL has no limit on the number of tables. The underlying file system\nmay have a limit on the number of files that represent tables.\nIndividual storage engines may impose engine-specific constraints.\nInnoDB permits up to 4 billion tables.\n\nFor information about the physical representation of a table, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-table-files.html.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-table.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-table.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (507,33,'FOREIGN KEY','MySQL supports foreign keys, which let you cross-reference related data\nacross tables, and foreign key constraints, which help keep this\nspread-out data consistent. The essential syntax for a foreign key\nconstraint definition in a CREATE TABLE or ALTER TABLE statement looks\nlike this:\n\n[CONSTRAINT [symbol]] FOREIGN KEY\n    [index_name] (col_name, ...)\n    REFERENCES tbl_name (col_name,...)\n    [ON DELETE reference_option]\n    [ON UPDATE reference_option]\n\nreference_option:\n    RESTRICT | CASCADE | SET NULL | NO ACTION | SET DEFAULT\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-table-foreign-keys.html\n\n','CREATE TABLE product (\n    category INT NOT NULL, id INT NOT NULL,\n    price DECIMAL,\n    PRIMARY KEY(category, id)\n)   ENGINE=INNODB;\n\nCREATE TABLE customer (\n    id INT NOT NULL,\n    PRIMARY KEY (id)\n)   ENGINE=INNODB;\n\nCREATE TABLE product_order (\n    no INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,\n    product_category INT NOT NULL,\n    product_id INT NOT NULL,\n    customer_id INT NOT NULL,\n\n    PRIMARY KEY(no),\n    INDEX (product_category, product_id),\n    INDEX (customer_id),\n\n    FOREIGN KEY (product_category, product_id)\n      REFERENCES product(category, id)\n      ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE RESTRICT,\n\n    FOREIGN KEY (customer_id)\n      REFERENCES customer(id)\n)   ENGINE=INNODB;\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-table-foreign-keys.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (508,33,'CREATE TABLESPACE','Syntax:\nCREATE TABLESPACE tablespace_name\n\n  InnoDB and NDB:\n    ADD DATAFILE \'file_name\'\n\n  InnoDB only:\n    [FILE_BLOCK_SIZE = value]\n\n  NDB only:\n    USE LOGFILE GROUP logfile_group\n    [EXTENT_SIZE [=] extent_size]\n    [INITIAL_SIZE [=] initial_size]\n    [AUTOEXTEND_SIZE [=] autoextend_size]\n    [MAX_SIZE [=] max_size]\n    [NODEGROUP [=] nodegroup_id]\n    [WAIT]\n    [COMMENT [=] \'string\']\n\n  InnoDB and NDB:\n    [ENGINE [=] engine_name]\n\nThis statement is used to create a tablespace. The precise syntax and\nsemantics depend on the storage engine used. In standard MySQL 5.7\nreleases, this is always an InnoDB tablespace. MySQL NDB Cluster 7.5\nalso supports tablespaces using the NDB storage engine in addition to\nthose using InnoDB.\n\no https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-tablespace.html#create\n  -tablespace-innodb\n\no https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-tablespace.html#create\n  -tablespace-ndb\n\no https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-tablespace.html#create\n  -tablespace-options\n\no https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-tablespace.html#create\n  -tablespace-notes\n\no https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-tablespace.html#create\n  -tablespace-innodb-examples\n\no https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-tablespace.html#create\n  -tablespace-ndb-examples\n\nConsiderations for InnoDB\n\nCREATE TABLESPACE syntax is used to create general tablespaces. A\ngeneral tablespace is a shared tablespace. It can hold multiple tables,\nand supports all table row formats. General tablespaces can be created\nin a location relative to or independent of the data directory.\n\nAfter creating an InnoDB general tablespace, you can use CREATE TABLE\ntbl_name ... TABLESPACE [=] tablespace_name or ALTER TABLE tbl_name\nTABLESPACE [=] tablespace_name to add tables to the tablespace. For\nmore information, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/general-tablespaces.html.\n\nConsiderations for NDB Cluster\n\nThis statement is used to create a tablespace, which can contain one or\nmore data files, providing storage space for NDB Cluster Disk Data\ntables (see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysql-cluster-disk-data.html).\nOne data file is created and added to the tablespace using this\nstatement. Additional data files may be added to the tablespace by\nusing the ALTER TABLESPACE statement (see [HELP ALTER TABLESPACE]).\n\n*Note*:\n\nAll NDB Cluster Disk Data objects share the same namespace. This means\nthat each Disk Data object must be uniquely named (and not merely each\nDisk Data object of a given type). For example, you cannot have a\ntablespace and a log file group with the same name, or a tablespace and\na data file with the same name.\n\nA log file group of one or more UNDO log files must be assigned to the\ntablespace to be created with the USE LOGFILE GROUP clause.\nlogfile_group must be an existing log file group created with CREATE\nLOGFILE GROUP (see [HELP CREATE LOGFILE GROUP]). Multiple tablespaces\nmay use the same log file group for UNDO logging.\n\nWhen setting EXTENT_SIZE or INITIAL_SIZE, you may optionally follow the\nnumber with a one-letter abbreviation for an order of magnitude,\nsimilar to those used in my.cnf. Generally, this is one of the letters\nM (for megabytes) or G (for gigabytes).\n\nINITIAL_SIZE and EXTENT_SIZE are subject to rounding as follows:\n\no EXTENT_SIZE is rounded up to the nearest whole multiple of 32K.\n\no INITIAL_SIZE is rounded down to the nearest whole multiple of 32K;\n  this result is rounded up to the nearest whole multiple of\n  EXTENT_SIZE (after any rounding).\n\nThe rounding just described is done explicitly, and a warning is issued\nby the MySQL Server when any such rounding is performed. The rounded\nvalues are also used by the NDB kernel for calculating\nINFORMATION_SCHEMA.FILES column values and other purposes. However, to\navoid an unexpected result, we suggest that you always use whole\nmultiples of 32K in specifying these options.\n\nWhen CREATE TABLESPACE is used with ENGINE [=] NDB, a tablespace and\nassociated data file are created on each Cluster data node. You can\nverify that the data files were created and obtain information about\nthem by querying the INFORMATION_SCHEMA.FILES table. (See the example\nlater in this section.)\n\n(See https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/files-table.html.)\n\nOptions\n\no ADD DATAFILE: Defines the name of a tablespace data file; this option\n  is always required. An InnoDB tablespace supports only a single data\n  file, whose name must include a .ibd extension. An NDB Cluster\n  tablespace supports multiple data files which can have any legal file\n  names; more data files can be added to an NDB Cluster tablespace\n  following its creation by using an ALTER TABLESPACE statement.\n\n  *Note*:\n\n  ALTER TABLESPACE is not supported by InnoDB.\n\n  To place the data file in a location outside of the data directory\n  (datadir), include an absolute directory path or a path relative to\n  the data directory. If you do not specify a path, the tablespace is\n  created in the data directory. An isl file is created in the data\n  directory when an InnoDB tablespace is created outside of the data\n  directory.\n\n  To avoid conflicts with implicitly created file-per-table\n  tablespaces, creating a general tablespace in a subdirectory under\n  the data directory is not supported. When creating a general\n  tablespace outside of the data directory, the directory must exist\n  prior to creating the tablespace.\n\n  The file_name, including any specified path, must be quoted with\n  single or double quotations marks. File names (not counting the file\n  extension) and directory names must be at least one byte in length.\n  Zero length file names and directory names are not supported.\n\no FILE_BLOCK_SIZE: This option---which is specific to InnoDB, and is\n  ignored by NDB---defines the block size for the tablespace data file.\n  Values can be specified in bytes or kilobytes. For example, an 8\n  kilobyte file block size can be specified as 8192 or 8K. If you do\n  not specify this option, FILE_BLOCK_SIZE defaults to the\n  innodb_page_size value. FILE_BLOCK_SIZE is required when you intend\n  to use the tablespace for storing compressed InnoDB tables\n  (ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED). In this case, you must define the tablespace\n  FILE_BLOCK_SIZE when creating the tablespace.\n\n  If FILE_BLOCK_SIZE is equal the innodb_page_size value, the\n  tablespace can contain only tables having an uncompressed row format\n  (COMPACT, REDUNDANT, and DYNAMIC). Tables with a COMPRESSED row\n  format have a different physical page size than uncompressed tables.\n  Therefore, compressed tables cannot coexist in the same tablespace as\n  uncompressed tables.\n\n  For a general tablespace to contain compressed tables,\n  FILE_BLOCK_SIZE must be specified, and the FILE_BLOCK_SIZE value must\n  be a valid compressed page size in relation to the innodb_page_size\n  value. Also, the physical page size of the compressed table\n  (KEY_BLOCK_SIZE) must be equal to FILE_BLOCK_SIZE/1024. For example,\n  if innodb_page_size=16K, and FILE_BLOCK_SIZE=8K, the KEY_BLOCK_SIZE\n  of the table must be 8. For more information, see\n  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/general-tablespaces.html.\n\no USE LOGFILE GROUP: Required for NDB, this is the name of a log file\n  group previously created using CREATE LOGFILE GROUP. Not supported\n  for InnoDB, where it fails with an error.\n\no EXTENT_SIZE: This option is specific to NDB, and is not supported by\n  InnoDB, where it fails with an error. EXTENT_SIZE sets the size, in\n  bytes, of the extents used by any files belonging to the tablespace.\n  The default value is 1M. The minimum size is 32K, and theoretical\n  maximum is 2G, although the practical maximum size depends on a\n  number of factors. In most cases, changing the extent size does not\n  have any measurable effect on performance, and the default value is\n  recommended for all but the most unusual situations.\n\n  An extent is a unit of disk space allocation. One extent is filled\n  with as much data as that extent can contain before another extent is\n  used. In theory, up to 65,535 (64K) extents may used per data file;\n  however, the recommended maximum is 32,768 (32K). The recommended\n  maximum size for a single data file is 32G---that is, 32K extents x 1\n  MB per extent. In addition, once an extent is allocated to a given\n  partition, it cannot be used to store data from a different\n  partition; an extent cannot store data from more than one partition.\n  This means, for example that a tablespace having a single datafile\n  whose INITIAL_SIZE (described in the following item) is 256 MB and\n  whose EXTENT_SIZE is 128M has just two extents, and so can be used to\n  store data from at most two different disk data table partitions.\n\n  You can see how many extents remain free in a given data file by\n  querying the INFORMATION_SCHEMA.FILES table, and so derive an\n  estimate for how much space remains free in the file. For further\n  discussion and examples, see\n  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/files-table.html.\n\no INITIAL_SIZE: This option is specific to NDB, and is not supported by\n  InnoDB, where it fails with an error.\n\n  The INITIAL_SIZE parameter sets the total size in bytes of the data\n  file that was specific using ADD DATATFILE. Once this file has been\n  created, its size cannot be changed; however, you can add more data\n  files to the tablespace using ALTER TABLESPACE ... ADD DATAFILE.\n\n  INITIAL_SIZE is optional; its default value is 134217728 (128 MB).\n\n  On 32-bit systems, the maximum supported value for INITIAL_SIZE is\n  4294967296 (4 GB).\n\no AUTOEXTEND_SIZE: Currently ignored by MySQL; reserved for possible\n  future use. Has no effect in any release of MySQL 5.7 or MySQL NDB\n  Cluster 7.5, regardless of the storage engine used.\n\no MAX_SIZE: Currently ignored by MySQL; reserved for possible future\n  use. Has no effect in any release of MySQL 5.7 or MySQL NDB Cluster\n  7.5, regardless of the storage engine used.\n\no NODEGROUP: Currently ignored by MySQL; reserved for possible future\n  use. Has no effect in any release of MySQL 5.7 or MySQL NDB Cluster\n  7.5, regardless of the storage engine used.\n\no WAIT: Currently ignored by MySQL; reserved for possible future use.\n  Has no effect in any release of MySQL 5.7 or MySQL NDB Cluster 7.5,\n  regardless of the storage engine used.\n\no COMMENT: Currently ignored by MySQL; reserved for possible future\n  use. Has no effect in any release of MySQL 5.7 or MySQL NDB Cluster\n  7.5, regardless of the storage engine used.\n\no ENGINE: Defines the storage engine which uses the tablespace, where\n  engine_name is the name of the storage engine. Currently, only the\n  InnoDB storage engine is supported by standard MySQL 5.7 releases.\n  MySQL NDB Cluster 7.5 supports both NDB and InnoDB tablespaces. The\n  value of the default_storage_engine system variable is used for\n  ENGINE if the option is not specified.\n\nNotes\n\no For the rules covering the naming of MySQL tablespaces, see\n  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/identifiers.html. In addition\n  to these rules, the slash character ("/") is not permitted, nor can\n  you use names beginning with innodb_, as this prefix is reserved for\n  system use.\n\no Tablespaces do not support temporary tables.\n\no innodb_file_per_table, innodb_file_format, and innodb_file_format_max\n  settings have no influence on CREATE TABLESPACE operations.\n  innodb_file_per_table does not need to be enabled. General\n  tablespaces support all table row formats regardless of file format\n  settings. Likewise, general tablespaces support the addition of\n  tables of any row format using CREATE TABLE ... TABLESPACE,\n  regardless of file format settings.\n\no innodb_strict_mode is not applicable to general tablespaces.\n  Tablespace management rules are strictly enforced independently of\n  innodb_strict_mode. If CREATE TABLESPACE parameters are incorrect or\n  incompatible, the operation fails regardless of the\n  innodb_strict_mode setting. When a table is added to a general\n  tablespace using CREATE TABLE ... TABLESPACE or ALTER TABLE ...\n  TABLESPACE, innodb_strict_mode is ignored but the statement is\n  evaluated as if innodb_strict_mode is enabled.\n\no Use DROP TABLESPACE to remove a tablespace. All tables must be\n  dropped from a tablespace using DROP TABLE prior to dropping the\n  tablespace. Before dropping an NDB Cluster tablespace you must also\n  remove all its data files using one or more ALTER TABLESPACE ... DROP\n  DATATFILE statements. See\n  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysql-cluster-disk-data-objec\n  ts.html.\n\no All parts of an InnoDB table added to an InnoDB general tablespace\n  reside in the general tablespace, including indexes and BLOB pages.\n\n  For an NDB table assigned to a tablespace, only those columns which\n  are not indexed are stored on disk, and actually use the tablespace\n  data files. Indexes and indexed columns for all NDB tables are always\n  kept in memory.\n\no Similar to the system tablespace, truncating or dropping tables\n  stored in a general tablespace creates free space internally in the\n  general tablespace .ibd data file which can only be used for new\n  InnoDB data. Space is not released back to the operating system as it\n  is for file-per-table tablespaces.\n\no A general tablespace is not associated with any database or schema.\n\no ALTER TABLE ... DISCARD TABLESPACE and ALTER TABLE ...IMPORT\n  TABLESPACE are not supported for tables that belong to a general\n  tablespace.\n\no The server uses tablespace-level metadata locking for DDL that\n  references general tablespaces. By comparison, the server uses\n  table-level metadata locking for DDL that references file-per-table\n  tablespaces.\n\no A generated or existing tablespace cannot be changed to a general\n  tablespace.\n\no Tables stored in a general tablespace can only be opened in MySQL\n  5.7.6 or later due to the addition of new table flags.\n\no There is no conflict between general tablespace names and\n  file-per-table tablespace names. The "/" character, which is present\n  in file-per-table tablespace names, is not permitted in general\n  tablespace names.\n\no mysqldump and mysqlpump do not dump InnoDB CREATE TABLESPACE\n  statements.\n\nInnoDB Examples\n\nThis example demonstrates creating a general tablespace and adding\nthree uncompressed tables of different row formats.\n\nmysql> CREATE TABLESPACE `ts1` ADD DATAFILE \'ts1.ibd\' ENGINE=INNODB;\n\nmysql> CREATE TABLE t1 (c1 INT PRIMARY KEY) TABLESPACE ts1 ROW_FORMAT=REDUNDANT;\n\nmysql> CREATE TABLE t2 (c1 INT PRIMARY KEY) TABLESPACE ts1 ROW_FORMAT=COMPACT;\n\nmysql> CREATE TABLE t3 (c1 INT PRIMARY KEY) TABLESPACE ts1 ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;\n\nThis example demonstrates creating a general tablespace and adding a\ncompressed table. The example assumes a default innodb_page_size value\nof 16K. The FILE_BLOCK_SIZE of 8192 requires that the compressed table\nhave a KEY_BLOCK_SIZE of 8.\n\nmysql> CREATE TABLESPACE `ts2` ADD DATAFILE \'ts2.ibd\' FILE_BLOCK_SIZE = 8192 Engine=InnoDB;\n\nmysql> CREATE TABLE t4 (c1 INT PRIMARY KEY) TABLESPACE ts2 ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED KEY_BLOCK_SIZE=8;\n\nNDB Example\n\nSuppose that you wish to create an NDB Cluster Disk Data tablespace\nnamed myts using a datafile named mydata-1.dat. An NDB tablespace\nalways requires the use of a log file group consisting of one or more\nundo log files. For this example, we first create a log file group\nnamed mylg that contains one undo long file named myundo-1.dat, using\nthe CREATE LOGFILE GROUP statement shown here:\n\nmysql> CREATE LOGFILE GROUP myg1\n    ->     ADD UNDOFILE \'myundo-1.dat\'\n    ->     ENGINE=NDB;\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected (3.29 sec)\n\nNow you can create the tablespace previously described using the\nfollowing statement:\n\nmysql> CREATE TABLESPACE myts\n    ->     ADD DATAFILE \'mydata-1.dat\'\n    ->     USE LOGFILE GROUP mylg\n    ->     ENGINE=NDB;\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected (2.98 sec)\n\nYou can now create a Disk Data table using a CREATE TABLE statement\nwith the TABLESPACE and STORAGE DISK options, similar to what is shown\nhere:\n\nmysql> CREATE TABLE mytable (\n    ->     id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,\n    ->     lname VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,\n    ->     fname VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,\n    ->     dob DATE NOT NULL,\n    ->     joined DATE NOT NULL,\n    ->     INDEX(last_name, first_name)\n    -> )\n    ->     TABLESPACE myts STORAGE DISK\n    ->     ENGINE=NDB;\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected (1.41 sec)\n\nIt is important to note that only the dob and joined columns from\nmytable are actually stored on disk, due to the fact that the id,\nlname, and fname columns are all indexed.\n\nAs mentioned previously, when CREATE TABLESPACE is used with ENGINE [=]\nNDB, a tablespace and associated data file are created on each NDB\nCluster data node. You can verify that the data files were created and\nobtain information about them by querying the INFORMATION_SCHEMA.FILES\ntable, as shown here:\n\nmysql> SELECT FILE_NAME, FILE_TYPE, LOGFILE_GROUP_NAME, STATUS, EXTRA\n    ->     FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.FILES\n    ->     WHERE TABLESPACE_NAME = \'myts\';\n\n+--------------+------------+--------------------+--------+----------------+\n| file_name    | file_type  | logfile_group_name | status | extra          |\n+--------------+------------+--------------------+--------+----------------+\n| mydata-1.dat | DATAFILE   | mylg               | NORMAL | CLUSTER_NODE=5 |\n| mydata-1.dat | DATAFILE   | mylg               | NORMAL | CLUSTER_NODE=6 |\n| NULL         | TABLESPACE | mylg               | NORMAL | NULL           |\n+--------------+------------+--------------------+--------+----------------+\n3 rows in set (0.01 sec)\n\nFor additional information and examples, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysql-cluster-disk-data-objects\n.html.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-tablespace.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-tablespace.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (509,33,'CREATE TRIGGER','Syntax:\nCREATE\n    [DEFINER = user]\n    TRIGGER trigger_name\n    trigger_time trigger_event\n    ON tbl_name FOR EACH ROW\n    [trigger_order]\n    trigger_body\n\ntrigger_time: { BEFORE | AFTER }\n\ntrigger_event: { INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE }\n\ntrigger_order: { FOLLOWS | PRECEDES } other_trigger_name\n\nThis statement creates a new trigger. A trigger is a named database\nobject that is associated with a table, and that activates when a\nparticular event occurs for the table. The trigger becomes associated\nwith the table named tbl_name, which must refer to a permanent table.\nYou cannot associate a trigger with a TEMPORARY table or a view.\n\nTrigger names exist in the schema namespace, meaning that all triggers\nmust have unique names within a schema. Triggers in different schemas\ncan have the same name.\n\nThis section describes CREATE TRIGGER syntax. For additional\ndiscussion, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/trigger-syntax.html.\n\nCREATE TRIGGER requires the TRIGGER privilege for the table associated\nwith the trigger. If the DEFINER clause is present, the privileges\nrequired depend on the user value, as discussed in\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/stored-objects-security.html.\nIf binary logging is enabled, CREATE TRIGGER might require the SUPER\nprivilege, as discussed in\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/stored-programs-logging.html.\n\nThe DEFINER clause determines the security context to be used when\nchecking access privileges at trigger activation time, as described\nlater in this section.\n\ntrigger_time is the trigger action time. It can be BEFORE or AFTER to\nindicate that the trigger activates before or after each row to be\nmodified.\n\nBasic column value checks occur prior to trigger activation, so you\ncannot use BEFORE triggers to convert values inappropriate for the\ncolumn type to valid values.\n\ntrigger_event indicates the kind of operation that activates the\ntrigger. These trigger_event values are permitted:\n\no INSERT: The trigger activates whenever a new row is inserted into the\n  table (for example, through INSERT, LOAD DATA, and REPLACE\n  statements).\n\no UPDATE: The trigger activates whenever a row is modified (for\n  example, through UPDATE statements).\n\no DELETE: The trigger activates whenever a row is deleted from the\n  table (for example, through DELETE and REPLACE statements). DROP\n  TABLE and TRUNCATE TABLE statements on the table do not activate this\n  trigger, because they do not use DELETE. Dropping a partition does\n  not activate DELETE triggers, either.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-trigger.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-trigger.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (510,33,'CREATE VIEW','Syntax:\nCREATE\n    [OR REPLACE]\n    [ALGORITHM = {UNDEFINED | MERGE | TEMPTABLE}]\n    [DEFINER = user]\n    [SQL SECURITY { DEFINER | INVOKER }]\n    VIEW view_name [(column_list)]\n    AS select_statement\n    [WITH [CASCADED | LOCAL] CHECK OPTION]\n\nThe CREATE VIEW statement creates a new view, or replaces an existing\nview if the OR REPLACE clause is given. If the view does not exist,\nCREATE OR REPLACE VIEW is the same as CREATE VIEW. If the view does\nexist, CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW replaces it.\n\nFor information about restrictions on view use, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/view-restrictions.html.\n\nThe select_statement is a SELECT statement that provides the definition\nof the view. (Selecting from the view selects, in effect, using the\nSELECT statement.) The select_statement can select from base tables or\nother views.\n\nThe view definition is "frozen" at creation time and is not affected by\nsubsequent changes to the definitions of the underlying tables. For\nexample, if a view is defined as SELECT * on a table, new columns added\nto the table later do not become part of the view, and columns dropped\nfrom the table will result in an error when selecting from the view.\n\nThe ALGORITHM clause affects how MySQL processes the view. The DEFINER\nand SQL SECURITY clauses specify the security context to be used when\nchecking access privileges at view invocation time. The WITH CHECK\nOPTION clause can be given to constrain inserts or updates to rows in\ntables referenced by the view. These clauses are described later in\nthis section.\n\nThe CREATE VIEW statement requires the CREATE VIEW privilege for the\nview, and some privilege for each column selected by the SELECT\nstatement. For columns used elsewhere in the SELECT statement, you must\nhave the SELECT privilege. If the OR REPLACE clause is present, you\nmust also have the DROP privilege for the view. If the DEFINER clause\nis present, the privileges required depend on the user value, as\ndiscussed in\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/stored-objects-security.html.\n\nWhen a view is referenced, privilege checking occurs as described later\nin this section.\n\nA view belongs to a database. By default, a new view is created in the\ndefault database. To create the view explicitly in a given database,\nuse db_name.view_name syntax to qualify the view name with the database\nname:\n\nCREATE VIEW test.v AS SELECT * FROM t;\n\nUnqualified table or view names in the SELECT statement are also\ninterpreted with respect to the default database. A view can refer to\ntables or views in other databases by qualifying the table or view name\nwith the appropriate database name.\n\nWithin a database, base tables and views share the same namespace, so a\nbase table and a view cannot have the same name.\n\nColumns retrieved by the SELECT statement can be simple references to\ntable columns, or expressions that use functions, constant values,\noperators, and so forth.\n\nA view must have unique column names with no duplicates, just like a\nbase table. By default, the names of the columns retrieved by the\nSELECT statement are used for the view column names. To define explicit\nnames for the view columns, specify the optional column_list clause as\na list of comma-separated identifiers. The number of names in\ncolumn_list must be the same as the number of columns retrieved by the\nSELECT statement.\n\nA view can be created from many kinds of SELECT statements. It can\nrefer to base tables or other views. It can use joins, UNION, and\nsubqueries. The SELECT need not even refer to any tables:\n\nCREATE VIEW v_today (today) AS SELECT CURRENT_DATE;\n\nThe following example defines a view that selects two columns from\nanother table as well as an expression calculated from those columns:\n\nmysql> CREATE TABLE t (qty INT, price INT);\nmysql> INSERT INTO t VALUES(3, 50);\nmysql> CREATE VIEW v AS SELECT qty, price, qty*price AS value FROM t;\nmysql> SELECT * FROM v;\n+------+-------+-------+\n| qty  | price | value |\n+------+-------+-------+\n|    3 |    50 |   150 |\n+------+-------+-------+\n\nA view definition is subject to the following restrictions:\n\no The SELECT statement cannot refer to system variables or user-defined\n  variables.\n\no Within a stored program, the SELECT statement cannot refer to program\n  parameters or local variables.\n\no The SELECT statement cannot refer to prepared statement parameters.\n\no Any table or view referred to in the definition must exist. If, after\n  the view has been created, a table or view that the definition refers\n  to is dropped, use of the view results in an error. To check a view\n  definition for problems of this kind, use the CHECK TABLE statement.\n\no The definition cannot refer to a TEMPORARY table, and you cannot\n  create a TEMPORARY view.\n\no You cannot associate a trigger with a view.\n\no Aliases for column names in the SELECT statement are checked against\n  the maximum column length of 64 characters (not the maximum alias\n  length of 256 characters).\n\nORDER BY is permitted in a view definition, but it is ignored if you\nselect from a view using a statement that has its own ORDER BY.\n\nFor other options or clauses in the definition, they are added to the\noptions or clauses of the statement that references the view, but the\neffect is undefined. For example, if a view definition includes a LIMIT\nclause, and you select from the view using a statement that has its own\nLIMIT clause, it is undefined which limit applies. This same principle\napplies to options such as ALL, DISTINCT, or SQL_SMALL_RESULT that\nfollow the SELECT keyword, and to clauses such as INTO, FOR UPDATE,\nLOCK IN SHARE MODE, and PROCEDURE.\n\nThe results obtained from a view may be affected if you change the\nquery processing environment by changing system variables:\n\nmysql> CREATE VIEW v (mycol) AS SELECT \'abc\';\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)\n\nmysql> SET sql_mode = \'\';\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)\n\nmysql> SELECT "mycol" FROM v;\n+-------+\n| mycol |\n+-------+\n| mycol |\n+-------+\n1 row in set (0.01 sec)\n\nmysql> SET sql_mode = \'ANSI_QUOTES\';\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)\n\nmysql> SELECT "mycol" FROM v;\n+-------+\n| mycol |\n+-------+\n| abc   |\n+-------+\n1 row in set (0.00 sec)\n\nThe DEFINER and SQL SECURITY clauses determine which MySQL account to\nuse when checking access privileges for the view when a statement is\nexecuted that references the view. The valid SQL SECURITY\ncharacteristic values are DEFINER (the default) and INVOKER. These\nindicate that the required privileges must be held by the user who\ndefined or invoked the view, respectively.\n\nIf the DEFINER clause is present, the user value should be a MySQL\naccount specified as \'user_name\'@\'host_name\', CURRENT_USER, or\nCURRENT_USER(). The permitted user values depend on the privileges you\nhold, as discussed in\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/stored-objects-security.html.\nAlso see that section for additional information about view security.\n\nIf the DEFINER clause is omitted, the default definer is the user who\nexecutes the CREATE VIEW statement. This is the same as specifying\nDEFINER = CURRENT_USER explicitly.\n\nWithin a view definition, the CURRENT_USER function returns the view\'s\nDEFINER value by default. For views defined with the SQL SECURITY\nINVOKER characteristic, CURRENT_USER returns the account for the view\'s\ninvoker. For information about user auditing within views, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/account-activity-auditing.html.\n\nWithin a stored routine that is defined with the SQL SECURITY DEFINER\ncharacteristic, CURRENT_USER returns the routine\'s DEFINER value. This\nalso affects a view defined within such a routine, if the view\ndefinition contains a DEFINER value of CURRENT_USER.\n\nMySQL checks view privileges like this:\n\no At view definition time, the view creator must have the privileges\n  needed to use the top-level objects accessed by the view. For\n  example, if the view definition refers to table columns, the creator\n  must have some privilege for each column in the select list of the\n  definition, and the SELECT privilege for each column used elsewhere\n  in the definition. If the definition refers to a stored function,\n  only the privileges needed to invoke the function can be checked. The\n  privileges required at function invocation time can be checked only\n  as it executes: For different invocations, different execution paths\n  within the function might be taken.\n\no The user who references a view must have appropriate privileges to\n  access it (SELECT to select from it, INSERT to insert into it, and so\n  forth.)\n\no When a view has been referenced, privileges for objects accessed by\n  the view are checked against the privileges held by the view DEFINER\n  account or invoker, depending on whether the SQL SECURITY\n  characteristic is DEFINER or INVOKER, respectively.\n\no If reference to a view causes execution of a stored function,\n  privilege checking for statements executed within the function depend\n  on whether the function SQL SECURITY characteristic is DEFINER or\n  INVOKER. If the security characteristic is DEFINER, the function runs\n  with the privileges of the DEFINER account. If the characteristic is\n  INVOKER, the function runs with the privileges determined by the\n  view\'s SQL SECURITY characteristic.\n\nExample: A view might depend on a stored function, and that function\nmight invoke other stored routines. For example, the following view\ninvokes a stored function f():\n\nCREATE VIEW v AS SELECT * FROM t WHERE t.id = f(t.name);\n\nSuppose that f() contains a statement such as this:\n\nIF name IS NULL then\n  CALL p1();\nELSE\n  CALL p2();\nEND IF;\n\nThe privileges required for executing statements within f() need to be\nchecked when f() executes. This might mean that privileges are needed\nfor p1() or p2(), depending on the execution path within f(). Those\nprivileges must be checked at runtime, and the user who must possess\nthe privileges is determined by the SQL SECURITY values of the view v\nand the function f().\n\nThe DEFINER and SQL SECURITY clauses for views are extensions to\nstandard SQL. In standard SQL, views are handled using the rules for\nSQL SECURITY DEFINER. The standard says that the definer of the view,\nwhich is the same as the owner of the view\'s schema, gets applicable\nprivileges on the view (for example, SELECT) and may grant them. MySQL\nhas no concept of a schema "owner", so MySQL adds a clause to identify\nthe definer. The DEFINER clause is an extension where the intent is to\nhave what the standard has; that is, a permanent record of who defined\nthe view. This is why the default DEFINER value is the account of the\nview creator.\n\nThe optional ALGORITHM clause is a MySQL extension to standard SQL. It\naffects how MySQL processes the view. ALGORITHM takes three values:\nMERGE, TEMPTABLE, or UNDEFINED. For more information, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/view-algorithms.html, as well\nas\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/derived-table-optimization.html\n.\n\nSome views are updatable. That is, you can use them in statements such\nas UPDATE, DELETE, or INSERT to update the contents of the underlying\ntable. For a view to be updatable, there must be a one-to-one\nrelationship between the rows in the view and the rows in the\nunderlying table. There are also certain other constructs that make a\nview nonupdatable.\n\nA generated column in a view is considered updatable because it is\npossible to assign to it. However, if such a column is updated\nexplicitly, the only permitted value is DEFAULT. For information about\ngenerated columns, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-table-generated-columns.\nhtml.\n\nThe WITH CHECK OPTION clause can be given for an updatable view to\nprevent inserts or updates to rows except those for which the WHERE\nclause in the select_statement is true.\n\nIn a WITH CHECK OPTION clause for an updatable view, the LOCAL and\nCASCADED keywords determine the scope of check testing when the view is\ndefined in terms of another view. The LOCAL keyword restricts the CHECK\nOPTION only to the view being defined. CASCADED causes the checks for\nunderlying views to be evaluated as well. When neither keyword is\ngiven, the default is CASCADED.\n\nFor more information about updatable views and the WITH CHECK OPTION\nclause, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/view-updatability.html, and\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/view-check-option.html.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-view.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-view.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (511,33,'DROP DATABASE','Syntax:\nDROP {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [IF EXISTS] db_name\n\nDROP DATABASE drops all tables in the database and deletes the\ndatabase. Be very careful with this statement! To use DROP DATABASE,\nyou need the DROP privilege on the database. DROP SCHEMA is a synonym\nfor DROP DATABASE.\n\n*Important*:\n\nWhen a database is dropped, privileges granted specifically for the\ndatabase are not automatically dropped. They must be dropped manually.\nSee [HELP GRANT].\n\nIF EXISTS is used to prevent an error from occurring if the database\ndoes not exist.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/drop-database.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/drop-database.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (512,33,'DROP SCHEMA','Syntax:\nDROP {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [IF EXISTS] db_name\n\nDROP DATABASE drops all tables in the database and deletes the\ndatabase. Be very careful with this statement! To use DROP DATABASE,\nyou need the DROP privilege on the database. DROP SCHEMA is a synonym\nfor DROP DATABASE.\n\n*Important*:\n\nWhen a database is dropped, privileges granted specifically for the\ndatabase are not automatically dropped. They must be dropped manually.\nSee [HELP GRANT].\n\nIF EXISTS is used to prevent an error from occurring if the database\ndoes not exist.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/drop-database.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/drop-database.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (513,33,'DROP EVENT','Syntax:\nDROP EVENT [IF EXISTS] event_name\n\nThis statement drops the event named event_name. The event immediately\nceases being active, and is deleted completely from the server.\n\nIf the event does not exist, the error ERROR 1517 (HY000): Unknown\nevent \'event_name\' results. You can override this and cause the\nstatement to generate a warning for nonexistent events instead using IF\nEXISTS.\n\nThis statement requires the EVENT privilege for the schema to which the\nevent to be dropped belongs.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/drop-event.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/drop-event.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (514,33,'DROP INDEX','Syntax:\nDROP INDEX index_name ON tbl_name\n    [algorithm_option | lock_option] ...\n\nalgorithm_option:\n    ALGORITHM [=] {DEFAULT|INPLACE|COPY}\n\nlock_option:\n    LOCK [=] {DEFAULT|NONE|SHARED|EXCLUSIVE}\n\nDROP INDEX drops the index named index_name from the table tbl_name.\nThis statement is mapped to an ALTER TABLE statement to drop the index.\nSee [HELP ALTER TABLE].\n\nTo drop a primary key, the index name is always PRIMARY, which must be\nspecified as a quoted identifier because PRIMARY is a reserved word:\n\nDROP INDEX `PRIMARY` ON t;\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/drop-index.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/drop-index.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (515,33,'DROP PROCEDURE','Syntax:\nDROP {PROCEDURE | FUNCTION} [IF EXISTS] sp_name\n\nThis statement is used to drop a stored procedure or function. That is,\nthe specified routine is removed from the server. You must have the\nALTER ROUTINE privilege for the routine. (If the\nautomatic_sp_privileges system variable is enabled, that privilege and\nEXECUTE are granted automatically to the routine creator when the\nroutine is created and dropped from the creator when the routine is\ndropped. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/stored-routines-privileges.html\n.)\n\nThe IF EXISTS clause is a MySQL extension. It prevents an error from\noccurring if the procedure or function does not exist. A warning is\nproduced that can be viewed with SHOW WARNINGS.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/drop-procedure.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/drop-procedure.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (516,33,'DROP FUNCTION','Syntax:\nDROP {PROCEDURE | FUNCTION} [IF EXISTS] sp_name\n\nThis statement is used to drop a stored procedure or function. That is,\nthe specified routine is removed from the server. You must have the\nALTER ROUTINE privilege for the routine. (If the\nautomatic_sp_privileges system variable is enabled, that privilege and\nEXECUTE are granted automatically to the routine creator when the\nroutine is created and dropped from the creator when the routine is\ndropped. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/stored-routines-privileges.html\n.)\n\nThe IF EXISTS clause is a MySQL extension. It prevents an error from\noccurring if the procedure or function does not exist. A warning is\nproduced that can be viewed with SHOW WARNINGS.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/drop-procedure.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/drop-procedure.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (517,33,'DROP SERVER','Syntax:\nDROP SERVER [ IF EXISTS ] server_name\n\nDrops the server definition for the server named server_name. The\ncorresponding row in the mysql.servers table is deleted. This statement\nrequires the SUPER privilege.\n\nDropping a server for a table does not affect any FEDERATED tables that\nused this connection information when they were created. See [HELP\nCREATE SERVER].\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/drop-server.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/drop-server.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (518,33,'DROP TABLE','Syntax:\nDROP [TEMPORARY] TABLE [IF EXISTS]\n    tbl_name [, tbl_name] ...\n    [RESTRICT | CASCADE]\n\nDROP TABLE removes one or more tables. You must have the DROP privilege\nfor each table.\n\nBe careful with this statement! For each table, it removes the table\ndefinition and all table data. If the table is partitioned, the\nstatement removes the table definition, all its partitions, all data\nstored in those partitions, and all partition definitions associated\nwith the dropped table.\n\nDropping a table also drops any triggers for the table.\n\nDROP TABLE causes an implicit commit, except when used with the\nTEMPORARY keyword. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/implicit-commit.html.\n\n*Important*:\n\nWhen a table is dropped, privileges granted specifically for the table\nare not automatically dropped. They must be dropped manually. See [HELP\nGRANT].\n\nIf any tables named in the argument list do not exist, DROP TABLE\nbehavior depends on whether the IF EXISTS clause is given:\n\no Without IF EXISTS, the statement drops all named tables that do\n  exist, and returns an error indicating which nonexisting tables it\n  was unable to drop.\n\no With IF EXISTS, no error occurs for nonexisting tables. The statement\n  drops all named tables that do exist, and generates a NOTE diagnostic\n  for each nonexistent table. These notes can be displayed with SHOW\n  WARNINGS. See [HELP SHOW WARNINGS].\n\nIF EXISTS can also be useful for dropping tables in unusual\ncircumstances under which there is an .frm file but no table managed by\nthe storage engine. (For example, if an abnormal server exit occurs\nafter removal of the table from the storage engine but before .frm file\nremoval.)\n\nThe TEMPORARY keyword has the following effects:\n\no The statement drops only TEMPORARY tables.\n\no The statement does not cause an implicit commit.\n\no No access rights are checked. A TEMPORARY table is visible only with\n  the session that created it, so no check is necessary.\n\nIncluding the TEMPORARY keyword is a good way to prevent accidentally\ndropping non-TEMPORARY tables.\n\nThe RESTRICT and CASCADE keywords do nothing. They are permitted to\nmake porting easier from other database systems.\n\nDROP TABLE is not supported with all innodb_force_recovery settings.\nSee\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/forcing-innodb-recovery.html.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/drop-table.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/drop-table.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (519,33,'DROP TABLESPACE','Syntax:\nDROP TABLESPACE tablespace_name\n    [ENGINE [=] engine_name]\n\nThis statement drops a tablespace that was previously created using\nCREATE TABLESPACE. It is supported with all MySQL NDB Cluster 7.5\nreleases, and with InnoDB in the standard MySQL Server as well.\n\nENGINE sets the storage engine that uses the tablespace, where\nengine_name is the name of the storage engine. Currently, the values\nInnoDB and NDB are supported. If not set, the value of\ndefault_storage_engine is used. If it is not the same as the storage\nengine used to create the tablespace, the DROP TABLESPACE statement\nfails.\n\nFor an InnoDB tablespace, all tables must be dropped from the\ntablespace prior to a DROP TABLESPACE operation. If the tablespace is\nnot empty, DROP TABLESPACE returns an error.\n\nAs with the InnoDB system tablespace, truncating or dropping InnoDB\ntables stored in a general tablespace creates free space in the\ntablespace .ibd data file, which can only be used for new InnoDB data.\nSpace is not released back to the operating system by such operations\nas it is for file-per-table tablespaces.\n\nAn NDB tablespace to be dropped must not contain any data files; in\nother words, before you can drop an NDB tablespace, you must first drop\neach of its data files using ALTER TABLESPACE ... DROP DATAFILE.\n\nNotes\n\no Tablespaces are not deleted automatically. A tablespace must be\n  dropped explicitly using DROP TABLESPACE. DROP DATABASE has no effect\n  in this regard, even if the operation drops all tables belonging to\n  the tablespace.\n\no A DROP DATABASE operation can drop tables that belong to a general\n  tablespace but it cannot drop the tablespace, even if the operation\n  drops all tables that belong to the tablespace. The tablespace must\n  be dropped explicitly using DROP TABLESPACE tablespace_name.\n\no Similar to the system tablespace, truncating or dropping tables\n  stored in a general tablespace creates free space internally in the\n  general tablespace .ibd data file which can only be used for new\n  InnoDB data. Space is not released back to the operating system as it\n  is for file-per-table tablespaces.\n\nInnoDB Example\n\nThis example demonstrates how to drop an InnoDB general tablespace. The\ngeneral tablespace ts1 is created with a single table. Before dropping\nthe tablespace, the table must be dropped.\n\nmysql> CREATE TABLESPACE `ts1` ADD DATAFILE \'ts1.ibd\' Engine=InnoDB; \n\nmysql> CREATE TABLE t1 (c1 INT PRIMARY KEY) TABLESPACE ts10 Engine=InnoDB; \n      \nmysql> DROP TABLE t1;\n\nmysql> DROP TABLESPACE ts1;\n\nNDB Example\n\nThis example shows how to drop an NDB tablespace myts having a data\nfile named mydata-1.dat after first creating the tablespace, and\nassumes the existence of a log file group named mylg (see [HELP CREATE\nLOGFILE GROUP]).\n\nmysql> CREATE TABLESPACE myts\n    ->     ADD DATAFILE \'mydata-1.dat\'\n    ->     USE LOGFILE GROUP mylg\n    ->     ENGINE=NDB;\n\nYou must remove all data files from the tablespace using ALTER\nTABLESPACE, as shown here, before it can be dropped:\n\nmysql> ALTER TABLESPACE myts\n    ->     DROP DATAFILE \'mydata-1.dat\'\n    ->     ENGINE=NDB;\n\nmysql> DROP TABLESPACE myts;\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/drop-tablespace.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/drop-tablespace.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (520,33,'DROP TRIGGER','Syntax:\nDROP TRIGGER [IF EXISTS] [schema_name.]trigger_name\n\nThis statement drops a trigger. The schema (database) name is optional.\nIf the schema is omitted, the trigger is dropped from the default\nschema. DROP TRIGGER requires the TRIGGER privilege for the table\nassociated with the trigger.\n\nUse IF EXISTS to prevent an error from occurring for a trigger that\ndoes not exist. A NOTE is generated for a nonexistent trigger when\nusing IF EXISTS. See [HELP SHOW WARNINGS].\n\nTriggers for a table are also dropped if you drop the table.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/drop-trigger.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/drop-trigger.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (521,33,'DROP VIEW','Syntax:\nDROP VIEW [IF EXISTS]\n    view_name [, view_name] ...\n    [RESTRICT | CASCADE]\n\nDROP VIEW removes one or more views. You must have the DROP privilege\nfor each view.\n\nIf any views named in the argument list do not exist, the statement\nreturns an error indicating by name which nonexisting views it was\nunable to drop, but also drops all views in the list that do exist.\n\n*Note*:\n\nIn MySQL 8.0, DROP VIEW fails if any views named in the argument list\ndo not exist. Due to the change in behavior, a partially completed DROP\nVIEW operation on a MySQL 5.7 master fails when replicated to a MySQL\n8.0 slave. To avoid this failure scenario, use IF EXISTS syntax in DROP\nVIEW statements to prevent an error from occurring for views that do\nnot exist. For more information, see Atomic Data Definition Statement\nSupport (https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/atomic-ddl.html).\n\nThe IF EXISTS clause prevents an error from occurring for views that\ndon\'t exist. When this clause is given, a NOTE is generated for each\nnonexistent view. See [HELP SHOW WARNINGS].\n\nRESTRICT and CASCADE, if given, are parsed and ignored.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/drop-view.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/drop-view.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (522,33,'RENAME TABLE','Syntax:\nRENAME TABLE\n    tbl_name TO new_tbl_name\n    [, tbl_name2 TO new_tbl_name2] ...\n\nRENAME TABLE renames one or more tables. You must have ALTER and DROP\nprivileges for the original table, and CREATE and INSERT privileges for\nthe new table.\n\nFor example, to rename a table named old_table to new_table, use this\nstatement:\n\nRENAME TABLE old_table TO new_table;\n\nThat statement is equivalent to the following ALTER TABLE statement:\n\nALTER TABLE old_table RENAME new_table;\n\nRENAME TABLE, unlike ALTER TABLE, can rename multiple tables within a\nsingle statement:\n\nRENAME TABLE old_table1 TO new_table1,\n             old_table2 TO new_table2,\n             old_table3 TO new_table3;\n\nRenaming operations are performed left to right. Thus, to swap two\ntable names, do this (assuming that a table with the intermediary name\ntmp_table does not already exist):\n\nRENAME TABLE old_table TO tmp_table,\n             new_table TO old_table,\n             tmp_table TO new_table;\n\nMetadata locks on tables are acquired in name order, which in some\ncases can make a difference in operation outcome when multiple\ntransactions execute concurrently. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/metadata-locking.html.\n\nTo execute RENAME TABLE, there must be no active transactions or tables\nlocked with LOCK TABLES. With the transaction table locking conditions\nsatisfied, the rename operation is done atomically; no other session\ncan access any of the tables while the rename is in progress.\n\nIf any errors occur during a RENAME TABLE, the statement fails and no\nchanges are made.\n\nYou can use RENAME TABLE to move a table from one database to another:\n\nRENAME TABLE current_db.tbl_name TO other_db.tbl_name;\n\nUsing this method to move all tables from one database to a different\none in effect renames the database (an operation for which MySQL has no\nsingle statement), except that the original database continues to\nexist, albeit with no tables.\n\nLike RENAME TABLE, ALTER TABLE ... RENAME can also be used to move a\ntable to a different database. Regardless of the statement used, if the\nrename operation would move the table to a database located on a\ndifferent file system, the success of the outcome is platform specific\nand depends on the underlying operating system calls used to move table\nfiles.\n\nIf a table has triggers, attempts to rename the table into a different\ndatabase fail with a Trigger in wrong schema (ER_TRG_IN_WRONG_SCHEMA)\nerror.\n\nTo rename TEMPORARY tables, RENAME TABLE does not work. Use ALTER TABLE\ninstead.\n\nRENAME TABLE works for views, except that views cannot be renamed into\na different database.\n\nAny privileges granted specifically for a renamed table or view are not\nmigrated to the new name. They must be changed manually.\n\nRENAME TABLE tbl_name TO new_tbl_name changes internally generated\nforeign key constraint names and user-defined foreign key constraint\nnames that begin with the string "tbl_name_ibfk_" to reflect the new\ntable name. InnoDB interprets foreign key constraint names that begin\nwith the string "tbl_name_ibfk_" as internally generated names.\n\nForeign key constraint names that point to the renamed table are\nautomatically updated unless there is a conflict, in which case the\nstatement fails with an error. A conflict occurs if the renamed\nconstraint name already exists. In such cases, you must drop and\nre-create the foreign keys for them to function properly.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/rename-table.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/rename-table.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (523,33,'TRUNCATE TABLE','Syntax:\nTRUNCATE [TABLE] tbl_name\n\nTRUNCATE TABLE empties a table completely. It requires the DROP\nprivilege.\n\nLogically, TRUNCATE TABLE is similar to a DELETE statement that deletes\nall rows, or a sequence of DROP TABLE and CREATE TABLE statements. To\nachieve high performance, it bypasses the DML method of deleting data.\nThus, it cannot be rolled back, it does not cause ON DELETE triggers to\nfire, and it cannot be performed for InnoDB tables with parent-child\nforeign key relationships.\n\nAlthough TRUNCATE TABLE is similar to DELETE, it is classified as a DDL\nstatement rather than a DML statement. It differs from DELETE in the\nfollowing ways:\n\no Truncate operations drop and re-create the table, which is much\n  faster than deleting rows one by one, particularly for large tables.\n\no Truncate operations cause an implicit commit, and so cannot be rolled\n  back. See\n  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/implicit-commit.html.\n\no Truncation operations cannot be performed if the session holds an\n  active table lock.\n\no TRUNCATE TABLE fails for an InnoDB table or NDB table if there are\n  any FOREIGN KEY constraints from other tables that reference the\n  table. Foreign key constraints between columns of the same table are\n  permitted.\n\no Truncation operations do not return a meaningful value for the number\n  of deleted rows. The usual result is "0 rows affected," which should\n  be interpreted as "no information."\n\no As long as the table format file tbl_name.frm is valid, the table can\n  be re-created as an empty table with TRUNCATE TABLE, even if the data\n  or index files have become corrupted.\n\no Any AUTO_INCREMENT value is reset to its start value. This is true\n  even for MyISAM and InnoDB, which normally do not reuse sequence\n  values.\n\no When used with partitioned tables, TRUNCATE TABLE preserves the\n  partitioning; that is, the data and index files are dropped and\n  re-created, while the partition definitions (.par) file is\n  unaffected.\n\no The TRUNCATE TABLE statement does not invoke ON DELETE triggers.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/truncate-table.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/truncate-table.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (524,34,'CALL','Syntax:\nCALL sp_name([parameter[,...]])\nCALL sp_name[()]\n\nThe CALL statement invokes a stored procedure that was defined\npreviously with CREATE PROCEDURE.\n\nStored procedures that take no arguments can be invoked without\nparentheses. That is, CALL p() and CALL p are equivalent.\n\nCALL can pass back values to its caller using parameters that are\ndeclared as OUT or INOUT parameters. When the procedure returns, a\nclient program can also obtain the number of rows affected for the\nfinal statement executed within the routine: At the SQL level, call the\nROW_COUNT() function; from the C API, call the mysql_affected_rows()\nfunction.\n\nFor information about the effect of unhandled conditions on procedure\nparameters, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/conditions-and-parameters.html.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/call.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/call.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (525,34,'DELETE','Syntax:\nDELETE is a DML statement that removes rows from a table.\n\nSingle-Table Syntax\n\nDELETE [LOW_PRIORITY] [QUICK] [IGNORE] FROM tbl_name\n    [PARTITION (partition_name [, partition_name] ...)]\n    [WHERE where_condition]\n    [ORDER BY ...]\n    [LIMIT row_count]\n\nThe DELETE statement deletes rows from tbl_name and returns the number\nof deleted rows. To check the number of deleted rows, call the\nROW_COUNT() function described in\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/information-functions.html.\n\nMain Clauses\n\nThe conditions in the optional WHERE clause identify which rows to\ndelete. With no WHERE clause, all rows are deleted.\n\nwhere_condition is an expression that evaluates to true for each row to\nbe deleted. It is specified as described in\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/select.html.\n\nIf the ORDER BY clause is specified, the rows are deleted in the order\nthat is specified. The LIMIT clause places a limit on the number of\nrows that can be deleted. These clauses apply to single-table deletes,\nbut not multi-table deletes.\n\nMultiple-Table Syntax\n\nDELETE [LOW_PRIORITY] [QUICK] [IGNORE]\n    tbl_name[.*] [, tbl_name[.*]] ...\n    FROM table_references\n    [WHERE where_condition]\n\nDELETE [LOW_PRIORITY] [QUICK] [IGNORE]\n    FROM tbl_name[.*] [, tbl_name[.*]] ...\n    USING table_references\n    [WHERE where_condition]\n\nPrivileges\n\nYou need the DELETE privilege on a table to delete rows from it. You\nneed only the SELECT privilege for any columns that are only read, such\nas those named in the WHERE clause.\n\nPerformance\n\nWhen you do not need to know the number of deleted rows, the TRUNCATE\nTABLE statement is a faster way to empty a table than a DELETE\nstatement with no WHERE clause. Unlike DELETE, TRUNCATE TABLE cannot be\nused within a transaction or if you have a lock on the table. See [HELP\nTRUNCATE TABLE] and [HELP LOCK TABLES].\n\nThe speed of delete operations may also be affected by factors\ndiscussed in\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/delete-optimization.html.\n\nTo ensure that a given DELETE statement does not take too much time,\nthe MySQL-specific LIMIT row_count clause for DELETE specifies the\nmaximum number of rows to be deleted. If the number of rows to delete\nis larger than the limit, repeat the DELETE statement until the number\nof affected rows is less than the LIMIT value.\n\nSubqueries\n\nYou cannot delete from a table and select from the same table in a\nsubquery.\n\nPartitioned Table Support\n\nDELETE supports explicit partition selection using the PARTITION\noption, which takes a list of the comma-separated names of one or more\npartitions or subpartitions (or both) from which to select rows to be\ndropped. Partitions not included in the list are ignored. Given a\npartitioned table t with a partition named p0, executing the statement\nDELETE FROM t PARTITION (p0) has the same effect on the table as\nexecuting ALTER TABLE t TRUNCATE PARTITION (p0); in both cases, all\nrows in partition p0 are dropped.\n\nPARTITION can be used along with a WHERE condition, in which case the\ncondition is tested only on rows in the listed partitions. For example,\nDELETE FROM t PARTITION (p0) WHERE c < 5 deletes rows only from\npartition p0 for which the condition c < 5 is true; rows in any other\npartitions are not checked and thus not affected by the DELETE.\n\nThe PARTITION option can also be used in multiple-table DELETE\nstatements. You can use up to one such option per table named in the\nFROM option.\n\nFor more information and examples, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/partitioning-selection.html.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/delete.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/delete.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (526,34,'DO','Syntax:\nDO expr [, expr] ...\n\nDO executes the expressions but does not return any results. In most\nrespects, DO is shorthand for SELECT expr, ..., but has the advantage\nthat it is slightly faster when you do not care about the result.\n\nDO is useful primarily with functions that have side effects, such as\nRELEASE_LOCK().\n\nExample: This SELECT statement pauses, but also produces a result set:\n\nmysql> SELECT SLEEP(5);\n+----------+\n| SLEEP(5) |\n+----------+\n|        0 |\n+----------+\n1 row in set (5.02 sec)\n\nDO, on the other hand, pauses without producing a result set.:\n\nmysql> DO SLEEP(5);\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected (4.99 sec)\n\nThis could be useful, for example in a stored function or trigger,\nwhich prohibit statements that produce result sets.\n\nDO only executes expressions. It cannot be used in all cases where\nSELECT can be used. For example, DO id FROM t1 is invalid because it\nreferences a table.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/do.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/do.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (527,34,'HANDLER','Syntax:\nHANDLER tbl_name OPEN [ [AS] alias]\n\nHANDLER tbl_name READ index_name { = | <= | >= | < | > } (value1,value2,...)\n    [ WHERE where_condition ] [LIMIT ... ]\nHANDLER tbl_name READ index_name { FIRST | NEXT | PREV | LAST }\n    [ WHERE where_condition ] [LIMIT ... ]\nHANDLER tbl_name READ { FIRST | NEXT }\n    [ WHERE where_condition ] [LIMIT ... ]\n\nHANDLER tbl_name CLOSE\n\nThe HANDLER statement provides direct access to table storage engine\ninterfaces. It is available for InnoDB and MyISAM tables.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/handler.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/handler.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (528,34,'INSERT','Syntax:\nINSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED | HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE]\n    [INTO] tbl_name\n    [PARTITION (partition_name [, partition_name] ...)]\n    [(col_name [, col_name] ...)]\n    {VALUES | VALUE} (value_list) [, (value_list)] ...\n    [ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE assignment_list]\n\nINSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED | HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE]\n    [INTO] tbl_name\n    [PARTITION (partition_name [, partition_name] ...)]\n    SET assignment_list\n    [ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE assignment_list]\n\nINSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE]\n    [INTO] tbl_name\n    [PARTITION (partition_name [, partition_name] ...)]\n    [(col_name [, col_name] ...)]\n    SELECT ...\n    [ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE assignment_list]\n\nvalue:\n    {expr | DEFAULT}\n\nvalue_list:\n    value [, value] ...\n\nassignment:\n    col_name = value\n\nassignment_list:\n    assignment [, assignment] ...\n\nINSERT inserts new rows into an existing table. The INSERT ... VALUES\nand INSERT ... SET forms of the statement insert rows based on\nexplicitly specified values. The INSERT ... SELECT form inserts rows\nselected from another table or tables. INSERT with an ON DUPLICATE KEY\nUPDATE clause enables existing rows to be updated if a row to be\ninserted would cause a duplicate value in a UNIQUE index or PRIMARY\nKEY.\n\nFor additional information about INSERT ... SELECT and INSERT ... ON\nDUPLICATE KEY UPDATE, see [HELP INSERT SELECT], and\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/insert-on-duplicate.html.\n\nIn MySQL 5.7, the DELAYED keyword is accepted but ignored by the\nserver. For the reasons for this, see [HELP INSERT DELAYED],\n\nInserting into a table requires the INSERT privilege for the table. If\nthe ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE clause is used and a duplicate key causes\nan UPDATE to be performed instead, the statement requires the UPDATE\nprivilege for the columns to be updated. For columns that are read but\nnot modified you need only the SELECT privilege (such as for a column\nreferenced only on the right hand side of an col_name=expr assignment\nin an ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE clause).\n\nWhen inserting into a partitioned table, you can control which\npartitions and subpartitions accept new rows. The PARTITION option\ntakes a list of the comma-separated names of one or more partitions or\nsubpartitions (or both) of the table. If any of the rows to be inserted\nby a given INSERT statement do not match one of the partitions listed,\nthe INSERT statement fails with the error Found a row not matching the\ngiven partition set. For more information and examples, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/partitioning-selection.html.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/insert.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/insert.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (529,34,'INSERT SELECT','Syntax:\nINSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE]\n    [INTO] tbl_name\n    [PARTITION (partition_name [, partition_name] ...)]\n    [(col_name [, col_name] ...)]\n    SELECT ...\n    [ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE assignment_list]\n\nvalue:\n    {expr | DEFAULT}\n\nassignment:\n    col_name = value\n\nassignment_list:\n    assignment [, assignment] ...\n\nWith INSERT ... SELECT, you can quickly insert many rows into a table\nfrom the result of a SELECT statement, which can select from one or\nmany tables. For example:\n\nINSERT INTO tbl_temp2 (fld_id)\n  SELECT tbl_temp1.fld_order_id\n  FROM tbl_temp1 WHERE tbl_temp1.fld_order_id > 100;\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/insert-select.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/insert-select.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (530,34,'INSERT DELAYED','Syntax:\nINSERT DELAYED ...\n\nThe DELAYED option for the INSERT statement is a MySQL extension to\nstandard SQL. In previous versions of MySQL, it can be used for certain\nkinds of tables (such as MyISAM), such that when a client uses INSERT\nDELAYED, it gets an okay from the server at once, and the row is queued\nto be inserted when the table is not in use by any other thread.\n\nDELAYED inserts and replaces were deprecated in MySQL 5.6. In MySQL\n5.7, DELAYED is not supported. The server recognizes but ignores the\nDELAYED keyword, handles the insert as a nondelayed insert, and\ngenerates an ER_WARN_LEGACY_SYNTAX_CONVERTED warning ("INSERT DELAYED\nis no longer supported. The statement was converted to INSERT"). The\nDELAYED keyword is scheduled for removal in a future release.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/insert-delayed.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/insert-delayed.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (531,34,'LOAD DATA','Syntax:\nLOAD DATA\n    [LOW_PRIORITY | CONCURRENT] [LOCAL]\n    INFILE \'file_name\'\n    [REPLACE | IGNORE]\n    INTO TABLE tbl_name\n    [PARTITION (partition_name [, partition_name] ...)]\n    [CHARACTER SET charset_name]\n    [{FIELDS | COLUMNS}\n        [TERMINATED BY \'string\']\n        [[OPTIONALLY] ENCLOSED BY \'char\']\n        [ESCAPED BY \'char\']\n    ]\n    [LINES\n        [STARTING BY \'string\']\n        [TERMINATED BY \'string\']\n    ]\n    [IGNORE number {LINES | ROWS}]\n    [(col_name_or_user_var\n        [, col_name_or_user_var] ...)]\n    [SET col_name={expr | DEFAULT},\n        [, col_name={expr | DEFAULT}] ...]\n\nThe LOAD DATA statement reads rows from a text file into a table at a\nvery high speed. LOAD DATA is the complement of SELECT ... INTO\nOUTFILE. (See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/select-into.html.) To write\ndata from a table to a file, use SELECT ... INTO OUTFILE. To read the\nfile back into a table, use LOAD DATA. The syntax of the FIELDS and\nLINES clauses is the same for both statements.\n\nYou can also load data files by using the mysqlimport utility; see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysqlimport.html. mysqlimport\noperates by sending a LOAD DATA statement to the server.\n\nFor more information about the efficiency of INSERT versus LOAD DATA\nand speeding up LOAD DATA, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/insert-optimization.html.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/load-data.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/load-data.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (532,34,'LOAD XML','Syntax:\nLOAD XML\n    [LOW_PRIORITY | CONCURRENT] [LOCAL]\n    INFILE \'file_name\'\n    [REPLACE | IGNORE]\n    INTO TABLE [db_name.]tbl_name\n    [CHARACTER SET charset_name]\n    [ROWS IDENTIFIED BY \'<tagname>\']\n    [IGNORE number {LINES | ROWS}]\n    [(field_name_or_user_var\n        [, field_name_or_user_var] ...)]\n    [SET col_name={expr | DEFAULT},\n        [, col_name={expr | DEFAULT}] ...]\n\nThe LOAD XML statement reads data from an XML file into a table. The\nfile_name must be given as a literal string. The tagname in the\noptional ROWS IDENTIFIED BY clause must also be given as a literal\nstring, and must be surrounded by angle brackets (< and >).\n\nLOAD XML acts as the complement of running the mysql client in XML\noutput mode (that is, starting the client with the --xml option). To\nwrite data from a table to an XML file, you can invoke the mysql client\nwith the --xml and -e options from the system shell, as shown here:\n\nshell> mysql --xml -e \'SELECT * FROM mydb.mytable\' > file.xml\n\nTo read the file back into a table, use LOAD XML. By default, the <row>\nelement is considered to be the equivalent of a database table row;\nthis can be changed using the ROWS IDENTIFIED BY clause.\n\nThis statement supports three different XML formats:\n\no Column names as attributes and column values as attribute values:\n\n<row column1="value1" column2="value2" .../>\n\no Column names as tags and column values as the content of these tags:\n\n<row>\n  <column1>value1</column1>\n  <column2>value2</column2>\n</row>\n\no Column names are the name attributes of <field> tags, and values are\n  the contents of these tags:\n\n<row>\n  <field name=\'column1\'>value1</field>\n  <field name=\'column2\'>value2</field>\n</row>\n\n  This is the format used by other MySQL tools, such as mysqldump.\n\nAll three formats can be used in the same XML file; the import routine\nautomatically detects the format for each row and interprets it\ncorrectly. Tags are matched based on the tag or attribute name and the\ncolumn name.\n\nThe following clauses work essentially the same way for LOAD XML as\nthey do for LOAD DATA:\n\no LOW_PRIORITY or CONCURRENT\n\no LOCAL\n\no REPLACE or IGNORE\n\no CHARACTER SET\n\no SET\n\nSee [HELP LOAD DATA], for more information about these clauses.\n\n(field_name_or_user_var, ...) is a list of one or more comma-separated\nXML fields or user variables. The name of a user variable used for this\npurpose must match the name of a field from the XML file, prefixed with\n@. You can use field names to select only desired fields. User\nvariables can be employed to store the corresponding field values for\nsubsequent re-use.\n\nThe IGNORE number LINES or IGNORE number ROWS clause causes the first\nnumber rows in the XML file to be skipped. It is analogous to the LOAD\nDATA statement\'s IGNORE ... LINES clause.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/load-xml.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/load-xml.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (533,34,'REPLACE','Syntax:\nREPLACE [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED]\n    [INTO] tbl_name\n    [PARTITION (partition_name [, partition_name] ...)]\n    [(col_name [, col_name] ...)]\n    {VALUES | VALUE} (value_list) [, (value_list)] ...\n\nREPLACE [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED]\n    [INTO] tbl_name\n    [PARTITION (partition_name [, partition_name] ...)]\n    SET assignment_list\n\nREPLACE [LOW_PRIORITY | DELAYED]\n    [INTO] tbl_name\n    [PARTITION (partition_name [, partition_name] ...)]\n    [(col_name [, col_name] ...)]\n    SELECT ...\n\nvalue:\n    {expr | DEFAULT}\n\nvalue_list:\n    value [, value] ...\n\nassignment:\n    col_name = value\n\nassignment_list:\n    assignment [, assignment] ...\n\nREPLACE works exactly like INSERT, except that if an old row in the\ntable has the same value as a new row for a PRIMARY KEY or a UNIQUE\nindex, the old row is deleted before the new row is inserted. See [HELP\nINSERT].\n\nREPLACE is a MySQL extension to the SQL standard. It either inserts, or\ndeletes and inserts. For another MySQL extension to standard SQL---that\neither inserts or updates---see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/insert-on-duplicate.html.\n\nDELAYED inserts and replaces were deprecated in MySQL 5.6. In MySQL\n5.7, DELAYED is not supported. The server recognizes but ignores the\nDELAYED keyword, handles the replace as a nondelayed replace, and\ngenerates an ER_WARN_LEGACY_SYNTAX_CONVERTED warning. ("REPLACE DELAYED\nis no longer supported. The statement was converted to REPLACE.") The\nDELAYED keyword will be removed in a future release.\n\n*Note*:\n\nREPLACE makes sense only if a table has a PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE index.\nOtherwise, it becomes equivalent to INSERT, because there is no index\nto be used to determine whether a new row duplicates another.\n\nValues for all columns are taken from the values specified in the\nREPLACE statement. Any missing columns are set to their default values,\njust as happens for INSERT. You cannot refer to values from the current\nrow and use them in the new row. If you use an assignment such as SET\ncol_name = col_name + 1, the reference to the column name on the right\nhand side is treated as DEFAULT(col_name), so the assignment is\nequivalent to SET col_name = DEFAULT(col_name) + 1.\n\nTo use REPLACE, you must have both the INSERT and DELETE privileges for\nthe table.\n\nIf a generated column is replaced explicitly, the only permitted value\nis DEFAULT. For information about generated columns, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-table-generated-columns.\nhtml.\n\nREPLACE supports explicit partition selection using the PARTITION\nkeyword with a list of comma-separated names of partitions,\nsubpartitions, or both. As with INSERT, if it is not possible to insert\nthe new row into any of these partitions or subpartitions, the REPLACE\nstatement fails with the error Found a row not matching the given\npartition set. For more information and examples, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/partitioning-selection.html.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/replace.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/replace.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (534,34,'SELECT','Syntax:\nSELECT\n    [ALL | DISTINCT | DISTINCTROW ]\n      [HIGH_PRIORITY]\n      [STRAIGHT_JOIN]\n      [SQL_SMALL_RESULT] [SQL_BIG_RESULT] [SQL_BUFFER_RESULT]\n      [SQL_CACHE | SQL_NO_CACHE] [SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS]\n    select_expr [, select_expr ...]\n    [FROM table_references\n      [PARTITION partition_list]\n    [WHERE where_condition]\n    [GROUP BY {col_name | expr | position}\n      [ASC | DESC], ... [WITH ROLLUP]]\n    [HAVING where_condition]\n    [ORDER BY {col_name | expr | position}\n      [ASC | DESC], ...]\n    [LIMIT {[offset,] row_count | row_count OFFSET offset}]\n    [PROCEDURE procedure_name(argument_list)]\n    [INTO OUTFILE \'file_name\'\n        [CHARACTER SET charset_name]\n        export_options\n      | INTO DUMPFILE \'file_name\'\n      | INTO var_name [, var_name]]\n    [FOR UPDATE | LOCK IN SHARE MODE]]\n\nSELECT is used to retrieve rows selected from one or more tables, and\ncan include UNION statements and subqueries. See [HELP UNION], and\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/subqueries.html.\n\nThe most commonly used clauses of SELECT statements are these:\n\no Each select_expr indicates a column that you want to retrieve. There\n  must be at least one select_expr.\n\no table_references indicates the table or tables from which to retrieve\n  rows. Its syntax is described in [HELP JOIN].\n\no SELECT supports explicit partition selection using the PARTITION with\n  a list of partitions or subpartitions (or both) following the name of\n  the table in a table_reference (see [HELP JOIN]). In this case, rows\n  are selected only from the partitions listed, and any other\n  partitions of the table are ignored. For more information and\n  examples, see\n  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/partitioning-selection.html.\n\n  SELECT ... PARTITION from tables using storage engines such as MyISAM\n  that perform table-level locks (and thus partition locks) lock only\n  the partitions or subpartitions named by the PARTITION option.\n\n  For more information, see\n  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/partitioning-limitations-lock\n  ing.html.\n\no The WHERE clause, if given, indicates the condition or conditions\n  that rows must satisfy to be selected. where_condition is an\n  expression that evaluates to true for each row to be selected. The\n  statement selects all rows if there is no WHERE clause.\n\n  In the WHERE expression, you can use any of the functions and\n  operators that MySQL supports, except for aggregate (summary)\n  functions. See\n  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/expressions.html, and\n  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/functions.html.\n\nSELECT can also be used to retrieve rows computed without reference to\nany table.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/select.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/select.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (535,34,'DUAL','You are permitted to specify DUAL as a dummy table name in situations\nwhere no tables are referenced:\n\nmysql> SELECT 1 + 1 FROM DUAL;\n        -> 2\n\nDUAL is purely for the convenience of people who require that all\nSELECT statements should have FROM and possibly other clauses. MySQL\nmay ignore the clauses. MySQL does not require FROM DUAL if no tables\nare referenced.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/select.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/select.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (536,34,'JOIN','MySQL supports the following JOIN syntax for the table_references part\nof SELECT statements and multiple-table DELETE and UPDATE statements:\n\ntable_references:\n    escaped_table_reference [, escaped_table_reference] ...\n\nescaped_table_reference:\n    table_reference\n  | { OJ table_reference }\n\ntable_reference:\n    table_factor\n  | joined_table\n\ntable_factor:\n    tbl_name [PARTITION (partition_names)]\n        [[AS] alias] [index_hint_list]\n  | table_subquery [AS] alias\n  | ( table_references )\n\njoined_table:\n    table_reference [INNER | CROSS] JOIN table_factor [join_specification]\n  | table_reference STRAIGHT_JOIN table_factor\n  | table_reference STRAIGHT_JOIN table_factor ON search_condition\n  | table_reference {LEFT|RIGHT} [OUTER] JOIN table_reference join_specification\n  | table_reference NATURAL [{LEFT|RIGHT} [OUTER]] JOIN table_factor\n\njoin_specification:\n    ON search_condition\n  | USING (join_column_list)\n\njoin_column_list:\n    column_name [, column_name] ...\n\nindex_hint_list:\n    index_hint [, index_hint] ...\n\nindex_hint:\n    USE {INDEX|KEY}\n      [FOR {JOIN|ORDER BY|GROUP BY}] ([index_list])\n  | {IGNORE|FORCE} {INDEX|KEY}\n      [FOR {JOIN|ORDER BY|GROUP BY}] (index_list)\n\nindex_list:\n    index_name [, index_name] ...\n\nA table reference is also known as a join expression.\n\nA table reference (when it refers to a partitioned table) may contain a\nPARTITION option, including a list of comma-separated partitions,\nsubpartitions, or both. This option follows the name of the table and\nprecedes any alias declaration. The effect of this option is that rows\nare selected only from the listed partitions or subpartitions. Any\npartitions or subpartitions not named in the list are ignored. For more\ninformation and examples, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/partitioning-selection.html.\n\nThe syntax of table_factor is extended in MySQL in comparison with\nstandard SQL. The standard accepts only table_reference, not a list of\nthem inside a pair of parentheses.\n\nThis is a conservative extension if each comma in a list of\ntable_reference items is considered as equivalent to an inner join. For\nexample:\n\nSELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN (t2, t3, t4)\n                 ON (t2.a = t1.a AND t3.b = t1.b AND t4.c = t1.c)\n\nis equivalent to:\n\nSELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN (t2 CROSS JOIN t3 CROSS JOIN t4)\n                 ON (t2.a = t1.a AND t3.b = t1.b AND t4.c = t1.c)\n\nIn MySQL, JOIN, CROSS JOIN, and INNER JOIN are syntactic equivalents\n(they can replace each other). In standard SQL, they are not\nequivalent. INNER JOIN is used with an ON clause, CROSS JOIN is used\notherwise.\n\nIn general, parentheses can be ignored in join expressions containing\nonly inner join operations. MySQL also supports nested joins. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/nested-join-optimization.html.\n\nIndex hints can be specified to affect how the MySQL optimizer makes\nuse of indexes. For more information, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/index-hints.html. Optimizer\nhints and the optimizer_switch system variable are other ways to\ninfluence optimizer use of indexes. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/optimizer-hints.html, and\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/switchable-optimizations.html.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/join.html\n\n','SELECT left_tbl.*\n  FROM left_tbl LEFT JOIN right_tbl ON left_tbl.id = right_tbl.id\n  WHERE right_tbl.id IS NULL;\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/join.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (537,34,'UNION','Syntax:\nSELECT ...\nUNION [ALL | DISTINCT] SELECT ...\n[UNION [ALL | DISTINCT] SELECT ...]\n\nUNION is used to combine the result from multiple SELECT statements\ninto a single result set.\n\nThe column names from the first SELECT statement are used as the column\nnames for the results returned. Selected columns listed in\ncorresponding positions of each SELECT statement should have the same\ndata type. (For example, the first column selected by the first\nstatement should have the same type as the first column selected by the\nother statements.)\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/union.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/union.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (538,34,'UPDATE','Syntax:\nUPDATE is a DML statement that modifies rows in a table.\n\nSingle-table syntax:\n\nUPDATE [LOW_PRIORITY] [IGNORE] table_reference\n    SET assignment_list\n    [WHERE where_condition]\n    [ORDER BY ...]\n    [LIMIT row_count]\n\nvalue:\n    {expr | DEFAULT}\n\nassignment:\n    col_name = value\n\nassignment_list:\n    assignment [, assignment] ...\n\nMultiple-table syntax:\n\nUPDATE [LOW_PRIORITY] [IGNORE] table_references\n    SET assignment_list\n    [WHERE where_condition]\n\nFor the single-table syntax, the UPDATE statement updates columns of\nexisting rows in the named table with new values. The SET clause\nindicates which columns to modify and the values they should be given.\nEach value can be given as an expression, or the keyword DEFAULT to set\na column explicitly to its default value. The WHERE clause, if given,\nspecifies the conditions that identify which rows to update. With no\nWHERE clause, all rows are updated. If the ORDER BY clause is\nspecified, the rows are updated in the order that is specified. The\nLIMIT clause places a limit on the number of rows that can be updated.\n\nFor the multiple-table syntax, UPDATE updates rows in each table named\nin table_references that satisfy the conditions. Each matching row is\nupdated once, even if it matches the conditions multiple times. For\nmultiple-table syntax, ORDER BY and LIMIT cannot be used.\n\nFor partitioned tables, both the single-single and multiple-table forms\nof this statement support the use of a PARTITION option as part of a\ntable reference. This option takes a list of one or more partitions or\nsubpartitions (or both). Only the partitions (or subpartitions) listed\nare checked for matches, and a row that is not in any of these\npartitions or subpartitions is not updated, whether it satisfies the\nwhere_condition or not.\n\n*Note*:\n\nUnlike the case when using PARTITION with an INSERT or REPLACE\nstatement, an otherwise valid UPDATE ... PARTITION statement is\nconsidered successful even if no rows in the listed partitions (or\nsubpartitions) match the where_condition.\n\nFor more information and examples, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/partitioning-selection.html.\n\nwhere_condition is an expression that evaluates to true for each row to\nbe updated. For expression syntax, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/expressions.html.\n\ntable_references and where_condition are specified as described in\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/select.html.\n\nYou need the UPDATE privilege only for columns referenced in an UPDATE\nthat are actually updated. You need only the SELECT privilege for any\ncolumns that are read but not modified.\n\nThe UPDATE statement supports the following modifiers:\n\no With the LOW_PRIORITY modifier, execution of the UPDATE is delayed\n  until no other clients are reading from the table. This affects only\n  storage engines that use only table-level locking (such as MyISAM,\n  MEMORY, and MERGE).\n\no With the IGNORE modifier, the update statement does not abort even if\n  errors occur during the update. Rows for which duplicate-key\n  conflicts occur on a unique key value are not updated. Rows updated\n  to values that would cause data conversion errors are updated to the\n  closest valid values instead. For more information, see\n  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/sql-mode.html#ignore-strict-c\n  omparison.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/update.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/update.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (539,35,'START TRANSACTION','Syntax:\nSTART TRANSACTION\n    [transaction_characteristic [, transaction_characteristic] ...]\n\ntransaction_characteristic: {\n    WITH CONSISTENT SNAPSHOT\n  | READ WRITE\n  | READ ONLY\n}\n\nBEGIN [WORK]\nCOMMIT [WORK] [AND [NO] CHAIN] [[NO] RELEASE]\nROLLBACK [WORK] [AND [NO] CHAIN] [[NO] RELEASE]\nSET autocommit = {0 | 1}\n\nThese statements provide control over use of transactions:\n\no START TRANSACTION or BEGIN start a new transaction.\n\no COMMIT commits the current transaction, making its changes permanent.\n\no ROLLBACK rolls back the current transaction, canceling its changes.\n\no SET autocommit disables or enables the default autocommit mode for\n  the current session.\n\nBy default, MySQL runs with autocommit mode enabled. This means that,\nwhen not otherwise inside a transaction, each statement is atomic, as\nif it were surrounded by START TRANSACTION and COMMIT. You cannot use\nROLLBACK to undo the effect; however, if an error occurs during\nstatement execution, the statement is rolled back.\n\nTo disable autocommit mode implicitly for a single series of\nstatements, use the START TRANSACTION statement:\n\nSTART TRANSACTION;\nSELECT @A:=SUM(salary) FROM table1 WHERE type=1;\nUPDATE table2 SET summary=@A WHERE type=1;\nCOMMIT;\n\nWith START TRANSACTION, autocommit remains disabled until you end the\ntransaction with COMMIT or ROLLBACK. The autocommit mode then reverts\nto its previous state.\n\nSTART TRANSACTION permits several modifiers that control transaction\ncharacteristics. To specify multiple modifiers, separate them by\ncommas.\n\no The WITH CONSISTENT SNAPSHOT modifier starts a consistent read for\n  storage engines that are capable of it. This applies only to InnoDB.\n  The effect is the same as issuing a START TRANSACTION followed by a\n  SELECT from any InnoDB table. See\n  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/innodb-consistent-read.html.\n  The WITH CONSISTENT SNAPSHOT modifier does not change the current\n  transaction isolation level, so it provides a consistent snapshot\n  only if the current isolation level is one that permits a consistent\n  read. The only isolation level that permits a consistent read is\n  REPEATABLE READ. For all other isolation levels, the WITH CONSISTENT\n  SNAPSHOT clause is ignored. As of MySQL 5.7.2, a warning is generated\n  when the WITH CONSISTENT SNAPSHOT clause is ignored.\n\no The READ WRITE and READ ONLY modifiers set the transaction access\n  mode. They permit or prohibit changes to tables used in the\n  transaction. The READ ONLY restriction prevents the transaction from\n  modifying or locking both transactional and nontransactional tables\n  that are visible to other transactions; the transaction can still\n  modify or lock temporary tables.\n\n  MySQL enables extra optimizations for queries on InnoDB tables when\n  the transaction is known to be read-only. Specifying READ ONLY\n  ensures these optimizations are applied in cases where the read-only\n  status cannot be determined automatically. See\n  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/innodb-performance-ro-txn.htm\n  l for more information.\n\n  If no access mode is specified, the default mode applies. Unless the\n  default has been changed, it is read/write. It is not permitted to\n  specify both READ WRITE and READ ONLY in the same statement.\n\n  In read-only mode, it remains possible to change tables created with\n  the TEMPORARY keyword using DML statements. Changes made with DDL\n  statements are not permitted, just as with permanent tables.\n\n  For additional information about transaction access mode, including\n  ways to change the default mode, see [HELP SET TRANSACTION].\n\n  If the read_only system variable is enabled, explicitly starting a\n  transaction with START TRANSACTION READ WRITE requires the SUPER\n  privilege.\n\n*Important*:\n\nMany APIs used for writing MySQL client applications (such as JDBC)\nprovide their own methods for starting transactions that can (and\nsometimes should) be used instead of sending a START TRANSACTION\nstatement from the client. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/connectors-apis.html, or the\ndocumentation for your API, for more information.\n\nTo disable autocommit mode explicitly, use the following statement:\n\nSET autocommit=0;\n\nAfter disabling autocommit mode by setting the autocommit variable to\nzero, changes to transaction-safe tables (such as those for InnoDB or\nNDB) are not made permanent immediately. You must use COMMIT to store\nyour changes to disk or ROLLBACK to ignore the changes.\n\nautocommit is a session variable and must be set for each session. To\ndisable autocommit mode for each new connection, see the description of\nthe autocommit system variable at\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-system-variables.html.\n\nBEGIN and BEGIN WORK are supported as aliases of START TRANSACTION for\ninitiating a transaction. START TRANSACTION is standard SQL syntax, is\nthe recommended way to start an ad-hoc transaction, and permits\nmodifiers that BEGIN does not.\n\nThe BEGIN statement differs from the use of the BEGIN keyword that\nstarts a BEGIN ... END compound statement. The latter does not begin a\ntransaction. See [HELP BEGIN END].\n\n*Note*:\n\nWithin all stored programs (stored procedures and functions, triggers,\nand events), the parser treats BEGIN [WORK] as the beginning of a BEGIN\n... END block. Begin a transaction in this context with START\nTRANSACTION instead.\n\nThe optional WORK keyword is supported for COMMIT and ROLLBACK, as are\nthe CHAIN and RELEASE clauses. CHAIN and RELEASE can be used for\nadditional control over transaction completion. The value of the\ncompletion_type system variable determines the default completion\nbehavior. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-system-variables.html.\n\nThe AND CHAIN clause causes a new transaction to begin as soon as the\ncurrent one ends, and the new transaction has the same isolation level\nas the just-terminated transaction. The new transaction also uses the\nsame access mode (READ WRITE or READ ONLY) as the just-terminated\ntransaction. The RELEASE clause causes the server to disconnect the\ncurrent client session after terminating the current transaction.\nIncluding the NO keyword suppresses CHAIN or RELEASE completion, which\ncan be useful if the completion_type system variable is set to cause\nchaining or release completion by default.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/commit.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/commit.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (540,35,'BEGIN','Syntax:\nSTART TRANSACTION\n    [transaction_characteristic [, transaction_characteristic] ...]\n\ntransaction_characteristic: {\n    WITH CONSISTENT SNAPSHOT\n  | READ WRITE\n  | READ ONLY\n}\n\nBEGIN [WORK]\nCOMMIT [WORK] [AND [NO] CHAIN] [[NO] RELEASE]\nROLLBACK [WORK] [AND [NO] CHAIN] [[NO] RELEASE]\nSET autocommit = {0 | 1}\n\nThese statements provide control over use of transactions:\n\no START TRANSACTION or BEGIN start a new transaction.\n\no COMMIT commits the current transaction, making its changes permanent.\n\no ROLLBACK rolls back the current transaction, canceling its changes.\n\no SET autocommit disables or enables the default autocommit mode for\n  the current session.\n\nBy default, MySQL runs with autocommit mode enabled. This means that,\nwhen not otherwise inside a transaction, each statement is atomic, as\nif it were surrounded by START TRANSACTION and COMMIT. You cannot use\nROLLBACK to undo the effect; however, if an error occurs during\nstatement execution, the statement is rolled back.\n\nTo disable autocommit mode implicitly for a single series of\nstatements, use the START TRANSACTION statement:\n\nSTART TRANSACTION;\nSELECT @A:=SUM(salary) FROM table1 WHERE type=1;\nUPDATE table2 SET summary=@A WHERE type=1;\nCOMMIT;\n\nWith START TRANSACTION, autocommit remains disabled until you end the\ntransaction with COMMIT or ROLLBACK. The autocommit mode then reverts\nto its previous state.\n\nSTART TRANSACTION permits several modifiers that control transaction\ncharacteristics. To specify multiple modifiers, separate them by\ncommas.\n\no The WITH CONSISTENT SNAPSHOT modifier starts a consistent read for\n  storage engines that are capable of it. This applies only to InnoDB.\n  The effect is the same as issuing a START TRANSACTION followed by a\n  SELECT from any InnoDB table. See\n  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/innodb-consistent-read.html.\n  The WITH CONSISTENT SNAPSHOT modifier does not change the current\n  transaction isolation level, so it provides a consistent snapshot\n  only if the current isolation level is one that permits a consistent\n  read. The only isolation level that permits a consistent read is\n  REPEATABLE READ. For all other isolation levels, the WITH CONSISTENT\n  SNAPSHOT clause is ignored. As of MySQL 5.7.2, a warning is generated\n  when the WITH CONSISTENT SNAPSHOT clause is ignored.\n\no The READ WRITE and READ ONLY modifiers set the transaction access\n  mode. They permit or prohibit changes to tables used in the\n  transaction. The READ ONLY restriction prevents the transaction from\n  modifying or locking both transactional and nontransactional tables\n  that are visible to other transactions; the transaction can still\n  modify or lock temporary tables.\n\n  MySQL enables extra optimizations for queries on InnoDB tables when\n  the transaction is known to be read-only. Specifying READ ONLY\n  ensures these optimizations are applied in cases where the read-only\n  status cannot be determined automatically. See\n  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/innodb-performance-ro-txn.htm\n  l for more information.\n\n  If no access mode is specified, the default mode applies. Unless the\n  default has been changed, it is read/write. It is not permitted to\n  specify both READ WRITE and READ ONLY in the same statement.\n\n  In read-only mode, it remains possible to change tables created with\n  the TEMPORARY keyword using DML statements. Changes made with DDL\n  statements are not permitted, just as with permanent tables.\n\n  For additional information about transaction access mode, including\n  ways to change the default mode, see [HELP SET TRANSACTION].\n\n  If the read_only system variable is enabled, explicitly starting a\n  transaction with START TRANSACTION READ WRITE requires the SUPER\n  privilege.\n\n*Important*:\n\nMany APIs used for writing MySQL client applications (such as JDBC)\nprovide their own methods for starting transactions that can (and\nsometimes should) be used instead of sending a START TRANSACTION\nstatement from the client. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/connectors-apis.html, or the\ndocumentation for your API, for more information.\n\nTo disable autocommit mode explicitly, use the following statement:\n\nSET autocommit=0;\n\nAfter disabling autocommit mode by setting the autocommit variable to\nzero, changes to transaction-safe tables (such as those for InnoDB or\nNDB) are not made permanent immediately. You must use COMMIT to store\nyour changes to disk or ROLLBACK to ignore the changes.\n\nautocommit is a session variable and must be set for each session. To\ndisable autocommit mode for each new connection, see the description of\nthe autocommit system variable at\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-system-variables.html.\n\nBEGIN and BEGIN WORK are supported as aliases of START TRANSACTION for\ninitiating a transaction. START TRANSACTION is standard SQL syntax, is\nthe recommended way to start an ad-hoc transaction, and permits\nmodifiers that BEGIN does not.\n\nThe BEGIN statement differs from the use of the BEGIN keyword that\nstarts a BEGIN ... END compound statement. The latter does not begin a\ntransaction. See [HELP BEGIN END].\n\n*Note*:\n\nWithin all stored programs (stored procedures and functions, triggers,\nand events), the parser treats BEGIN [WORK] as the beginning of a BEGIN\n... END block. Begin a transaction in this context with START\nTRANSACTION instead.\n\nThe optional WORK keyword is supported for COMMIT and ROLLBACK, as are\nthe CHAIN and RELEASE clauses. CHAIN and RELEASE can be used for\nadditional control over transaction completion. The value of the\ncompletion_type system variable determines the default completion\nbehavior. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-system-variables.html.\n\nThe AND CHAIN clause causes a new transaction to begin as soon as the\ncurrent one ends, and the new transaction has the same isolation level\nas the just-terminated transaction. The new transaction also uses the\nsame access mode (READ WRITE or READ ONLY) as the just-terminated\ntransaction. The RELEASE clause causes the server to disconnect the\ncurrent client session after terminating the current transaction.\nIncluding the NO keyword suppresses CHAIN or RELEASE completion, which\ncan be useful if the completion_type system variable is set to cause\nchaining or release completion by default.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/commit.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/commit.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (541,35,'COMMIT','Syntax:\nSTART TRANSACTION\n    [transaction_characteristic [, transaction_characteristic] ...]\n\ntransaction_characteristic: {\n    WITH CONSISTENT SNAPSHOT\n  | READ WRITE\n  | READ ONLY\n}\n\nBEGIN [WORK]\nCOMMIT [WORK] [AND [NO] CHAIN] [[NO] RELEASE]\nROLLBACK [WORK] [AND [NO] CHAIN] [[NO] RELEASE]\nSET autocommit = {0 | 1}\n\nThese statements provide control over use of transactions:\n\no START TRANSACTION or BEGIN start a new transaction.\n\no COMMIT commits the current transaction, making its changes permanent.\n\no ROLLBACK rolls back the current transaction, canceling its changes.\n\no SET autocommit disables or enables the default autocommit mode for\n  the current session.\n\nBy default, MySQL runs with autocommit mode enabled. This means that,\nwhen not otherwise inside a transaction, each statement is atomic, as\nif it were surrounded by START TRANSACTION and COMMIT. You cannot use\nROLLBACK to undo the effect; however, if an error occurs during\nstatement execution, the statement is rolled back.\n\nTo disable autocommit mode implicitly for a single series of\nstatements, use the START TRANSACTION statement:\n\nSTART TRANSACTION;\nSELECT @A:=SUM(salary) FROM table1 WHERE type=1;\nUPDATE table2 SET summary=@A WHERE type=1;\nCOMMIT;\n\nWith START TRANSACTION, autocommit remains disabled until you end the\ntransaction with COMMIT or ROLLBACK. The autocommit mode then reverts\nto its previous state.\n\nSTART TRANSACTION permits several modifiers that control transaction\ncharacteristics. To specify multiple modifiers, separate them by\ncommas.\n\no The WITH CONSISTENT SNAPSHOT modifier starts a consistent read for\n  storage engines that are capable of it. This applies only to InnoDB.\n  The effect is the same as issuing a START TRANSACTION followed by a\n  SELECT from any InnoDB table. See\n  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/innodb-consistent-read.html.\n  The WITH CONSISTENT SNAPSHOT modifier does not change the current\n  transaction isolation level, so it provides a consistent snapshot\n  only if the current isolation level is one that permits a consistent\n  read. The only isolation level that permits a consistent read is\n  REPEATABLE READ. For all other isolation levels, the WITH CONSISTENT\n  SNAPSHOT clause is ignored. As of MySQL 5.7.2, a warning is generated\n  when the WITH CONSISTENT SNAPSHOT clause is ignored.\n\no The READ WRITE and READ ONLY modifiers set the transaction access\n  mode. They permit or prohibit changes to tables used in the\n  transaction. The READ ONLY restriction prevents the transaction from\n  modifying or locking both transactional and nontransactional tables\n  that are visible to other transactions; the transaction can still\n  modify or lock temporary tables.\n\n  MySQL enables extra optimizations for queries on InnoDB tables when\n  the transaction is known to be read-only. Specifying READ ONLY\n  ensures these optimizations are applied in cases where the read-only\n  status cannot be determined automatically. See\n  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/innodb-performance-ro-txn.htm\n  l for more information.\n\n  If no access mode is specified, the default mode applies. Unless the\n  default has been changed, it is read/write. It is not permitted to\n  specify both READ WRITE and READ ONLY in the same statement.\n\n  In read-only mode, it remains possible to change tables created with\n  the TEMPORARY keyword using DML statements. Changes made with DDL\n  statements are not permitted, just as with permanent tables.\n\n  For additional information about transaction access mode, including\n  ways to change the default mode, see [HELP SET TRANSACTION].\n\n  If the read_only system variable is enabled, explicitly starting a\n  transaction with START TRANSACTION READ WRITE requires the SUPER\n  privilege.\n\n*Important*:\n\nMany APIs used for writing MySQL client applications (such as JDBC)\nprovide their own methods for starting transactions that can (and\nsometimes should) be used instead of sending a START TRANSACTION\nstatement from the client. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/connectors-apis.html, or the\ndocumentation for your API, for more information.\n\nTo disable autocommit mode explicitly, use the following statement:\n\nSET autocommit=0;\n\nAfter disabling autocommit mode by setting the autocommit variable to\nzero, changes to transaction-safe tables (such as those for InnoDB or\nNDB) are not made permanent immediately. You must use COMMIT to store\nyour changes to disk or ROLLBACK to ignore the changes.\n\nautocommit is a session variable and must be set for each session. To\ndisable autocommit mode for each new connection, see the description of\nthe autocommit system variable at\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-system-variables.html.\n\nBEGIN and BEGIN WORK are supported as aliases of START TRANSACTION for\ninitiating a transaction. START TRANSACTION is standard SQL syntax, is\nthe recommended way to start an ad-hoc transaction, and permits\nmodifiers that BEGIN does not.\n\nThe BEGIN statement differs from the use of the BEGIN keyword that\nstarts a BEGIN ... END compound statement. The latter does not begin a\ntransaction. See [HELP BEGIN END].\n\n*Note*:\n\nWithin all stored programs (stored procedures and functions, triggers,\nand events), the parser treats BEGIN [WORK] as the beginning of a BEGIN\n... END block. Begin a transaction in this context with START\nTRANSACTION instead.\n\nThe optional WORK keyword is supported for COMMIT and ROLLBACK, as are\nthe CHAIN and RELEASE clauses. CHAIN and RELEASE can be used for\nadditional control over transaction completion. The value of the\ncompletion_type system variable determines the default completion\nbehavior. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-system-variables.html.\n\nThe AND CHAIN clause causes a new transaction to begin as soon as the\ncurrent one ends, and the new transaction has the same isolation level\nas the just-terminated transaction. The new transaction also uses the\nsame access mode (READ WRITE or READ ONLY) as the just-terminated\ntransaction. The RELEASE clause causes the server to disconnect the\ncurrent client session after terminating the current transaction.\nIncluding the NO keyword suppresses CHAIN or RELEASE completion, which\ncan be useful if the completion_type system variable is set to cause\nchaining or release completion by default.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/commit.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/commit.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (542,35,'ROLLBACK','Syntax:\nSTART TRANSACTION\n    [transaction_characteristic [, transaction_characteristic] ...]\n\ntransaction_characteristic: {\n    WITH CONSISTENT SNAPSHOT\n  | READ WRITE\n  | READ ONLY\n}\n\nBEGIN [WORK]\nCOMMIT [WORK] [AND [NO] CHAIN] [[NO] RELEASE]\nROLLBACK [WORK] [AND [NO] CHAIN] [[NO] RELEASE]\nSET autocommit = {0 | 1}\n\nThese statements provide control over use of transactions:\n\no START TRANSACTION or BEGIN start a new transaction.\n\no COMMIT commits the current transaction, making its changes permanent.\n\no ROLLBACK rolls back the current transaction, canceling its changes.\n\no SET autocommit disables or enables the default autocommit mode for\n  the current session.\n\nBy default, MySQL runs with autocommit mode enabled. This means that,\nwhen not otherwise inside a transaction, each statement is atomic, as\nif it were surrounded by START TRANSACTION and COMMIT. You cannot use\nROLLBACK to undo the effect; however, if an error occurs during\nstatement execution, the statement is rolled back.\n\nTo disable autocommit mode implicitly for a single series of\nstatements, use the START TRANSACTION statement:\n\nSTART TRANSACTION;\nSELECT @A:=SUM(salary) FROM table1 WHERE type=1;\nUPDATE table2 SET summary=@A WHERE type=1;\nCOMMIT;\n\nWith START TRANSACTION, autocommit remains disabled until you end the\ntransaction with COMMIT or ROLLBACK. The autocommit mode then reverts\nto its previous state.\n\nSTART TRANSACTION permits several modifiers that control transaction\ncharacteristics. To specify multiple modifiers, separate them by\ncommas.\n\no The WITH CONSISTENT SNAPSHOT modifier starts a consistent read for\n  storage engines that are capable of it. This applies only to InnoDB.\n  The effect is the same as issuing a START TRANSACTION followed by a\n  SELECT from any InnoDB table. See\n  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/innodb-consistent-read.html.\n  The WITH CONSISTENT SNAPSHOT modifier does not change the current\n  transaction isolation level, so it provides a consistent snapshot\n  only if the current isolation level is one that permits a consistent\n  read. The only isolation level that permits a consistent read is\n  REPEATABLE READ. For all other isolation levels, the WITH CONSISTENT\n  SNAPSHOT clause is ignored. As of MySQL 5.7.2, a warning is generated\n  when the WITH CONSISTENT SNAPSHOT clause is ignored.\n\no The READ WRITE and READ ONLY modifiers set the transaction access\n  mode. They permit or prohibit changes to tables used in the\n  transaction. The READ ONLY restriction prevents the transaction from\n  modifying or locking both transactional and nontransactional tables\n  that are visible to other transactions; the transaction can still\n  modify or lock temporary tables.\n\n  MySQL enables extra optimizations for queries on InnoDB tables when\n  the transaction is known to be read-only. Specifying READ ONLY\n  ensures these optimizations are applied in cases where the read-only\n  status cannot be determined automatically. See\n  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/innodb-performance-ro-txn.htm\n  l for more information.\n\n  If no access mode is specified, the default mode applies. Unless the\n  default has been changed, it is read/write. It is not permitted to\n  specify both READ WRITE and READ ONLY in the same statement.\n\n  In read-only mode, it remains possible to change tables created with\n  the TEMPORARY keyword using DML statements. Changes made with DDL\n  statements are not permitted, just as with permanent tables.\n\n  For additional information about transaction access mode, including\n  ways to change the default mode, see [HELP SET TRANSACTION].\n\n  If the read_only system variable is enabled, explicitly starting a\n  transaction with START TRANSACTION READ WRITE requires the SUPER\n  privilege.\n\n*Important*:\n\nMany APIs used for writing MySQL client applications (such as JDBC)\nprovide their own methods for starting transactions that can (and\nsometimes should) be used instead of sending a START TRANSACTION\nstatement from the client. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/connectors-apis.html, or the\ndocumentation for your API, for more information.\n\nTo disable autocommit mode explicitly, use the following statement:\n\nSET autocommit=0;\n\nAfter disabling autocommit mode by setting the autocommit variable to\nzero, changes to transaction-safe tables (such as those for InnoDB or\nNDB) are not made permanent immediately. You must use COMMIT to store\nyour changes to disk or ROLLBACK to ignore the changes.\n\nautocommit is a session variable and must be set for each session. To\ndisable autocommit mode for each new connection, see the description of\nthe autocommit system variable at\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-system-variables.html.\n\nBEGIN and BEGIN WORK are supported as aliases of START TRANSACTION for\ninitiating a transaction. START TRANSACTION is standard SQL syntax, is\nthe recommended way to start an ad-hoc transaction, and permits\nmodifiers that BEGIN does not.\n\nThe BEGIN statement differs from the use of the BEGIN keyword that\nstarts a BEGIN ... END compound statement. The latter does not begin a\ntransaction. See [HELP BEGIN END].\n\n*Note*:\n\nWithin all stored programs (stored procedures and functions, triggers,\nand events), the parser treats BEGIN [WORK] as the beginning of a BEGIN\n... END block. Begin a transaction in this context with START\nTRANSACTION instead.\n\nThe optional WORK keyword is supported for COMMIT and ROLLBACK, as are\nthe CHAIN and RELEASE clauses. CHAIN and RELEASE can be used for\nadditional control over transaction completion. The value of the\ncompletion_type system variable determines the default completion\nbehavior. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-system-variables.html.\n\nThe AND CHAIN clause causes a new transaction to begin as soon as the\ncurrent one ends, and the new transaction has the same isolation level\nas the just-terminated transaction. The new transaction also uses the\nsame access mode (READ WRITE or READ ONLY) as the just-terminated\ntransaction. The RELEASE clause causes the server to disconnect the\ncurrent client session after terminating the current transaction.\nIncluding the NO keyword suppresses CHAIN or RELEASE completion, which\ncan be useful if the completion_type system variable is set to cause\nchaining or release completion by default.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/commit.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/commit.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (543,35,'SAVEPOINT','Syntax:\nSAVEPOINT identifier\nROLLBACK [WORK] TO [SAVEPOINT] identifier\nRELEASE SAVEPOINT identifier\n\nInnoDB supports the SQL statements SAVEPOINT, ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT,\nRELEASE SAVEPOINT and the optional WORK keyword for ROLLBACK.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/savepoint.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/savepoint.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (544,35,'ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT','Syntax:\nSAVEPOINT identifier\nROLLBACK [WORK] TO [SAVEPOINT] identifier\nRELEASE SAVEPOINT identifier\n\nInnoDB supports the SQL statements SAVEPOINT, ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT,\nRELEASE SAVEPOINT and the optional WORK keyword for ROLLBACK.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/savepoint.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/savepoint.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (545,35,'RELEASE SAVEPOINT','Syntax:\nSAVEPOINT identifier\nROLLBACK [WORK] TO [SAVEPOINT] identifier\nRELEASE SAVEPOINT identifier\n\nInnoDB supports the SQL statements SAVEPOINT, ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT,\nRELEASE SAVEPOINT and the optional WORK keyword for ROLLBACK.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/savepoint.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/savepoint.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (546,35,'LOCK TABLES','Syntax:\nLOCK TABLES\n    tbl_name [[AS] alias] lock_type\n    [, tbl_name [[AS] alias] lock_type] ...\n\nlock_type: {\n    READ [LOCAL]\n  | [LOW_PRIORITY] WRITE\n}\n\nUNLOCK TABLES\n\nMySQL enables client sessions to acquire table locks explicitly for the\npurpose of cooperating with other sessions for access to tables, or to\nprevent other sessions from modifying tables during periods when a\nsession requires exclusive access to them. A session can acquire or\nrelease locks only for itself. One session cannot acquire locks for\nanother session or release locks held by another session.\n\nLocks may be used to emulate transactions or to get more speed when\nupdating tables. This is explained in more detail in\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/lock-tables.html#lock-tables-re\nstrictions.\n\nLOCK TABLES explicitly acquires table locks for the current client\nsession. Table locks can be acquired for base tables or views. You must\nhave the LOCK TABLES privilege, and the SELECT privilege for each\nobject to be locked.\n\nFor view locking, LOCK TABLES adds all base tables used in the view to\nthe set of tables to be locked and locks them automatically. If you\nlock a table explicitly with LOCK TABLES, any tables used in triggers\nare also locked implicitly, as described in\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/lock-tables.html#lock-tables-an\nd-triggers.\n\nUNLOCK TABLES explicitly releases any table locks held by the current\nsession. LOCK TABLES implicitly releases any table locks held by the\ncurrent session before acquiring new locks.\n\nAnother use for UNLOCK TABLES is to release the global read lock\nacquired with the FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK statement, which enables\nyou to lock all tables in all databases. See [HELP FLUSH]. (This is a\nvery convenient way to get backups if you have a file system such as\nVeritas that can take snapshots in time.)\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/lock-tables.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/lock-tables.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (547,35,'SET TRANSACTION','Syntax:\nSET [GLOBAL | SESSION] TRANSACTION\n    transaction_characteristic [, transaction_characteristic] ...\n\ntransaction_characteristic: {\n    ISOLATION LEVEL level\n  | access_mode\n}\n\nlevel: {\n     REPEATABLE READ\n   | READ COMMITTED\n   | READ UNCOMMITTED\n   | SERIALIZABLE\n}\n\naccess_mode: {\n     READ WRITE\n   | READ ONLY\n}\n\nThis statement specifies transaction characteristics. It takes a list\nof one or more characteristic values separated by commas. Each\ncharacteristic value sets the transaction isolation level or access\nmode. The isolation level is used for operations on InnoDB tables. The\naccess mode specifies whether transactions operate in read/write or\nread-only mode.\n\nIn addition, SET TRANSACTION can include an optional GLOBAL or SESSION\nkeyword to indicate the scope of the statement.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/set-transaction.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/set-transaction.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (548,35,'XA','Syntax:\nXA {START|BEGIN} xid [JOIN|RESUME]\n\nXA END xid [SUSPEND [FOR MIGRATE]]\n\nXA PREPARE xid\n\nXA COMMIT xid [ONE PHASE]\n\nXA ROLLBACK xid\n\nXA RECOVER [CONVERT XID]\n\nFor XA START, the JOIN and RESUME clauses are recognized but have no\neffect.\n\nFor XA END the SUSPEND [FOR MIGRATE] clause is recognized but has no\neffect.\n\nEach XA statement begins with the XA keyword, and most of them require\nan xid value. An xid is an XA transaction identifier. It indicates\nwhich transaction the statement applies to. xid values are supplied by\nthe client, or generated by the MySQL server. An xid value has from one\nto three parts:\n\nxid: gtrid [, bqual [, formatID ]]\n\ngtrid is a global transaction identifier, bqual is a branch qualifier,\nand formatID is a number that identifies the format used by the gtrid\nand bqual values. As indicated by the syntax, bqual and formatID are\noptional. The default bqual value is \'\' if not given. The default\nformatID value is 1 if not given.\n\ngtrid and bqual must be string literals, each up to 64 bytes (not\ncharacters) long. gtrid and bqual can be specified in several ways. You\ncan use a quoted string (\'ab\'), hex string (X\'6162\', 0x6162), or bit\nvalue (b\'nnnn\').\n\nformatID is an unsigned integer.\n\nThe gtrid and bqual values are interpreted in bytes by the MySQL\nserver\'s underlying XA support routines. However, while an SQL\nstatement containing an XA statement is being parsed, the server works\nwith some specific character set. To be safe, write gtrid and bqual as\nhex strings.\n\nxid values typically are generated by the Transaction Manager. Values\ngenerated by one TM must be different from values generated by other\nTMs. A given TM must be able to recognize its own xid values in a list\nof values returned by the XA RECOVER statement.\n\nXA START xid starts an XA transaction with the given xid value. Each XA\ntransaction must have a unique xid value, so the value must not\ncurrently be used by another XA transaction. Uniqueness is assessed\nusing the gtrid and bqual values. All following XA statements for the\nXA transaction must be specified using the same xid value as that given\nin the XA START statement. If you use any of those statements but\nspecify an xid value that does not correspond to some existing XA\ntransaction, an error occurs.\n\nOne or more XA transactions can be part of the same global transaction.\nAll XA transactions within a given global transaction must use the same\ngtrid value in the xid value. For this reason, gtrid values must be\nglobally unique so that there is no ambiguity about which global\ntransaction a given XA transaction is part of. The bqual part of the\nxid value must be different for each XA transaction within a global\ntransaction. (The requirement that bqual values be different is a\nlimitation of the current MySQL XA implementation. It is not part of\nthe XA specification.)\n\nThe XA RECOVER statement returns information for those XA transactions\non the MySQL server that are in the PREPARED state. (See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/xa-states.html.) The output\nincludes a row for each such XA transaction on the server, regardless\nof which client started it.\n\nXA RECOVER output rows look like this (for an example xid value\nconsisting of the parts \'abc\', \'def\', and 7):\n\nmysql> XA RECOVER;\n+----------+--------------+--------------+--------+\n| formatID | gtrid_length | bqual_length | data   |\n+----------+--------------+--------------+--------+\n|        7 |            3 |            3 | abcdef |\n+----------+--------------+--------------+--------+\n\nThe output columns have the following meanings:\n\no formatID is the formatID part of the transaction xid\n\no gtrid_length is the length in bytes of the gtrid part of the xid\n\no bqual_length is the length in bytes of the bqual part of the xid\n\no data is the concatenation of the gtrid and bqual parts of the xid\n\nXID values may contain nonprintable characters. As of MySQL 5.7.5, XA\nRECOVER permits an optional CONVERT XID clause so that clients can\nrequest XID values in hexadecimal.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/xa-statements.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/xa-statements.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (549,35,'PURGE BINARY LOGS','Syntax:\nPURGE { BINARY | MASTER } LOGS {\n    TO \'log_name\'\n  | BEFORE datetime_expr\n}\n\nThe binary log is a set of files that contain information about data\nmodifications made by the MySQL server. The log consists of a set of\nbinary log files, plus an index file (see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/binary-log.html).\n\nThe PURGE BINARY LOGS statement deletes all the binary log files listed\nin the log index file prior to the specified log file name or date.\nBINARY and MASTER are synonyms. Deleted log files also are removed from\nthe list recorded in the index file, so that the given log file becomes\nthe first in the list.\n\nPURGE BINARY LOGS requires the BINLOG_ADMIN\n(https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/privileges-provided.html#priv_\nbinlog-admin) privilege. This statement has no effect if the server was\nnot started with the --log-bin option to enable binary logging.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/purge-binary-logs.html\n\n','PURGE BINARY LOGS TO \'mysql-bin.010\';\nPURGE BINARY LOGS BEFORE \'2019-04-02 22:46:26\';\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/purge-binary-logs.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (550,35,'PURGE MASTER LOGS','Syntax:\nPURGE { BINARY | MASTER } LOGS {\n    TO \'log_name\'\n  | BEFORE datetime_expr\n}\n\nThe binary log is a set of files that contain information about data\nmodifications made by the MySQL server. The log consists of a set of\nbinary log files, plus an index file (see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/binary-log.html).\n\nThe PURGE BINARY LOGS statement deletes all the binary log files listed\nin the log index file prior to the specified log file name or date.\nBINARY and MASTER are synonyms. Deleted log files also are removed from\nthe list recorded in the index file, so that the given log file becomes\nthe first in the list.\n\nPURGE BINARY LOGS requires the BINLOG_ADMIN\n(https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/privileges-provided.html#priv_\nbinlog-admin) privilege. This statement has no effect if the server was\nnot started with the --log-bin option to enable binary logging.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/purge-binary-logs.html\n\n','PURGE BINARY LOGS TO \'mysql-bin.010\';\nPURGE BINARY LOGS BEFORE \'2019-04-02 22:46:26\';\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/purge-binary-logs.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (551,35,'RESET MASTER','Syntax:\nRESET MASTER\n\n*Warning*:\n\nUse this statement with caution to ensure you do not lose any wanted\nbinary log file data and GTID execution history.\n\nRESET MASTER requires the RELOAD privilege.\n\nFor a server where binary logging is enabled (log_bin is ON), RESET\nMASTER deletes all existing binary log files and resets the binary log\nindex file, resetting the server to its state before binary logging was\nstarted. A new empty binary log file is created so that binary logging\ncan be restarted.\n\nFor a server where GTIDs are in use (gtid_mode is ON), issuing RESET\nMASTER resets the GTID execution history. The value of the gtid_purged\nsystem variable is set to an empty string (\'\'), the global value (but\nnot the session value) of the gtid_executed system variable is set to\nan empty string, and the mysql.gtid_executed table is cleared (see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/replication-gtids-concepts.html\n#replication-gtids-gtid-executed-table). If the GTID-enabled server has\nbinary logging enabled, RESET MASTER also resets the binary log as\ndescribed above. Note that RESET MASTER is the method to reset the GTID\nexecution history even if the GTID-enabled server is a replication\nslave where binary logging is disabled; RESET SLAVE has no effect on\nthe GTID execution history. For more information on resetting the GTID\nexecution history, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/replication-gtids-lifecycle.htm\nl#replication-gtids-execution-history.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/reset-master.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/reset-master.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (552,35,'SET SQL_LOG_BIN','Syntax:\nSET sql_log_bin = {OFF|ON}\n\nThe sql_log_bin variable controls whether logging to the binary log is\nenabled for the current session (assuming that the binary log itself is\nenabled). The default value is ON. To disable or enable binary logging\nfor the current session, set the session sql_log_bin variable to OFF or\nON.\n\nSet this variable to OFF for a session to temporarily disable binary\nlogging while making changes to the master you do not want replicated\nto the slave.\n\nSetting the session value of this system variable is a restricted\noperation. The session user must have privileges sufficient to set\nrestricted session variables. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/system-variable-privileges.html\n.\n\nIt is not possible to set the session value of sql_log_bin within a\ntransaction or subquery.\n\nSetting this variable to OFF prevents GTIDs from being assigned to\ntransactions in the binary log. If you are using GTIDs for replication,\nthis means that even when binary logging is later enabled again, the\nGTIDs written into the log from this point do not account for any\ntransactions that occurred in the meantime, so in effect those\ntransactions are lost.\n\nThe global sql_log_bin variable is read only and cannot be modified.\nThe global scope is deprecated and will be removed in a future MySQL\nrelease.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/set-sql-log-bin.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/set-sql-log-bin.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (553,35,'CHANGE MASTER TO','Syntax:\nCHANGE MASTER TO option [, option] ... [ channel_option ]\n\noption:\n    MASTER_BIND = \'interface_name\'\n  | MASTER_HOST = \'host_name\'\n  | MASTER_USER = \'user_name\'\n  | MASTER_PASSWORD = \'password\'\n  | MASTER_PORT = port_num\n  | MASTER_CONNECT_RETRY = interval\n  | MASTER_RETRY_COUNT = count\n  | MASTER_DELAY = interval\n  | MASTER_HEARTBEAT_PERIOD = interval\n  | MASTER_LOG_FILE = \'master_log_name\'\n  | MASTER_LOG_POS = master_log_pos\n  | MASTER_AUTO_POSITION = {0|1}\n  | RELAY_LOG_FILE = \'relay_log_name\'\n  | RELAY_LOG_POS = relay_log_pos\n  | MASTER_SSL = {0|1}\n  | MASTER_SSL_CA = \'ca_file_name\'\n  | MASTER_SSL_CAPATH = \'ca_directory_name\'\n  | MASTER_SSL_CERT = \'cert_file_name\'\n  | MASTER_SSL_CRL = \'crl_file_name\'\n  | MASTER_SSL_CRLPATH = \'crl_directory_name\'\n  | MASTER_SSL_KEY = \'key_file_name\'\n  | MASTER_SSL_CIPHER = \'cipher_list\'\n  | MASTER_SSL_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT = {0|1}\n  | MASTER_TLS_VERSION = \'protocol_list\'\n  | IGNORE_SERVER_IDS = (server_id_list)\n\nchannel_option:\n    FOR CHANNEL channel\n\nserver_id_list:\n    [server_id [, server_id] ... ]\n\nCHANGE MASTER TO changes the parameters that the slave server uses for\nconnecting to the master server, for reading the master binary log, and\nreading the slave relay log. It also updates the contents of the master\ninfo and relay log info repositories (see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/slave-logs.html). CHANGE MASTER\nTO requires the SUPER privilege.\n\nPrior to MySQL 5.7.4, the slave replication threads must be stopped,\nusing STOP SLAVE if necessary, before issuing this statement. In MySQL\n5.7.4 and later, you can issue CHANGE MASTER TO statements on a running\nslave without doing this, depending on the states of the slave SQL\nthread and slave I/O thread. The rules governing such use are provided\nlater in this section.\n\nWhen using a multithreaded slave (in other words slave_parallel_workers\nis greater than 0), stopping the slave can cause "gaps" in the sequence\nof transactions that have been executed from the relay log, regardless\nof whether the slave was stopped intentionally or otherwise. When such\ngaps exist, issuing CHANGE MASTER TO fails. The solution in this\nsituation is to issue START SLAVE UNTIL SQL_AFTER_MTS_GAPS which\nensures that the gaps are closed.\n\nThe optional FOR CHANNEL channel clause enables you to name which\nreplication channel the statement applies to. Providing a FOR CHANNEL\nchannel clause applies the CHANGE MASTER TO statement to a specific\nreplication channel, and is used to add a new channel or modify an\nexisting channel. For example, to add a new channel called channel2:\n\nCHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=host1, MASTER_PORT=3002 FOR CHANNEL \'channel2\'\n\nIf no clause is named and no extra channels exist, the statement\napplies to the default channel.\n\nWhen using multiple replication channels, if a CHANGE MASTER TO\nstatement does not name a channel using a FOR CHANNEL channel clause,\nan error occurs. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/replication-channels.html for\nmore information.\n\nOptions not specified retain their value, except as indicated in the\nfollowing discussion. Thus, in most cases, there is no need to specify\noptions that do not change. For example, if the password to connect to\nyour MySQL master has changed, issue this statement to tell the slave\nabout the new password:\n\nCHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_PASSWORD=\'new3cret\';\n\nMASTER_HOST, MASTER_USER, MASTER_PASSWORD, and MASTER_PORT provide\ninformation to the slave about how to connect to its master:\n\no MASTER_HOST and MASTER_PORT are the host name (or IP address) of the\n  master host and its TCP/IP port.\n\n  *Note*:\n\n  Replication cannot use Unix socket files. You must be able to connect\n  to the master MySQL server using TCP/IP.\n\n  If you specify the MASTER_HOST or MASTER_PORT option, the slave\n  assumes that the master server is different from before (even if the\n  option value is the same as its current value.) In this case, the old\n  values for the master binary log file name and position are\n  considered no longer applicable, so if you do not specify\n  MASTER_LOG_FILE and MASTER_LOG_POS in the statement,\n  MASTER_LOG_FILE=\'\' and MASTER_LOG_POS=4 are silently appended to it.\n\n  Setting MASTER_HOST=\'\' (that is, setting its value explicitly to an\n  empty string) is not the same as not setting MASTER_HOST at all.\n  Beginning with MySQL 5.5, trying to set MASTER_HOST to an empty\n  string fails with an error. Previously, setting MASTER_HOST to an\n  empty string caused START SLAVE subsequently to fail. (Bug #28796)\n\n  Values used for MASTER_HOST and other CHANGE MASTER TO options are\n  checked for linefeed (\\n or 0x0A) characters; the presence of such\n  characters in these values causes the statement to fail with\n  ER_MASTER_INFO. (Bug #11758581, Bug #50801)\n\no MASTER_USER and MASTER_PASSWORD are the user name and password of the\n  account to use for connecting to the master.\n\n  MASTER_USER cannot be made empty; setting MASTER_USER = \'\' or leaving\n  it unset when setting a value for MASTER_PASSWORD causes an error\n  (Bug #13427949).\n\n  The password used for a MySQL Replication slave account in a CHANGE\n  MASTER TO statement is limited to 32 characters in length; prior to\n  MySQL 5.7.5, if the password was longer, the statement succeeded, but\n  any excess characters were silently truncated. In MySQL 5.7.5 and\n  later, trying to use a password of more than 32 characters causes\n  CHANGE MASTER TO to fail. (Bug #11752299, Bug #43439)\n\n  The text of a running CHANGE MASTER TO statement, including values\n  for MASTER_USER and MASTER_PASSWORD, can be seen in the output of a\n  concurrent SHOW PROCESSLIST statement. (The complete text of a START\n  SLAVE statement is also visible to SHOW PROCESSLIST.)\n\nThe MASTER_SSL_xxx options and the MASTER_TLS_VERSION option specify\nhow the slave uses encryption and ciphers to secure the replication\nconnection. These options can be changed even on slaves that are\ncompiled without SSL support. They are saved to the master info\nrepository, but are ignored if the slave does not have SSL support\nenabled. The MASTER_SSL_xxx and MASTER_TLS_VERSION options perform the\nsame functions as the --ssl-xxx and --tls-version client options\ndescribed in\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/connection-options.html#encrypt\ned-connection-options. The correspondence between the two sets of\noptions, and the use of the MASTER_SSL_xxx and MASTER_TLS_VERSION\noptions to set up a secure connection, is explained in\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/replication-solutions-encrypted\n-connections.html.\n\nAs of MySQL 5.7.3, setting MASTER_SSL=1 means that the slave connection\nto the master must use SSL, or the connection attempt fails. Before\n5.7.3, the use of an SSL connection by the slave was not enforced with\nMASTER_SSL=1. This is analogous to the client-side meaning of the --ssl\ncommand-line option; see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/connection-options.html#encrypt\ned-connection-options.\n\nThe MASTER_HEARTBEAT_PERIOD, MASTER_CONNECT_RETRY, and\nMASTER_RETRY_COUNT options control how the slave recognizes that the\nconnection to the master has been lost and makes attempts to reconnect.\n\no The slave_net_timeout system variable specifies the number of seconds\n  that the slave waits for either more data or a heartbeat signal from\n  the master, before the slave considers the connection broken, aborts\n  the read, and tries to reconnect. The default value is 60 seconds\n  (one minute). Prior to MySQL 5.7.7, the default was 3600 seconds (one\n  hour).\n\no The heartbeat interval, which stops the connection timeout occurring\n  in the absence of data if the connection is still good, is controlled\n  by the MASTER_HEARTBEAT_PERIOD option. A heartbeat signal is sent to\n  the slave after that number of seconds, and the waiting period is\n  reset whenever the master\'s binary log is updated with an event.\n  Heartbeats are therefore sent by the master only if there are no\n  unsent events in the binary log file for a period longer than this.\n  The heartbeat interval interval is a decimal value having the range 0\n  to 4294967 seconds and a resolution in milliseconds; the smallest\n  nonzero value is 0.001. Setting interval to 0 disables heartbeats\n  altogether. The heartbeat interval defaults to half the value of the\n  slave_net_timeout system variable. It is recorded in the master info\n  log and shown in the replication_connection_configuration Performance\n  Schema table. Issuing RESET SLAVE resets the heartbeat interval to\n  the default value.\n\no Prior to MySQL 5.7.4, not including MASTER_HEARTBEAT_PERIOD caused\n  CHANGE MASTER TO to reset the heartbeat interval to the default (half\n  the value of the slave_net_timeout system variable), and\n  Slave_received_heartbeats to 0. The heartbeat interval is now not\n  reset except by RESET SLAVE. (Bug #18185490)\n\no Note that a change to the value or default setting of\n  slave_net_timeout does not automatically change the heartbeat\n  interval, whether that has been set explicitly or is using a\n  previously calculated default. A warning is issued if you set\n  @@GLOBAL.slave_net_timeout to a value less than that of the current\n  heartbeat interval. If slave_net_timeout is changed, you must also\n  issue CHANGE MASTER TO to adjust the heartbeat interval to an\n  appropriate value so that the heartbeat signal occurs before the\n  connection timeout. If you do not do this, the heartbeat signal has\n  no effect, and if no data is received from the master, the slave can\n  make repeated reconnection attempts, creating zombie dump threads.\n\no If the slave does need to reconnect, the first retry occurs\n  immediately after the timeout. MASTER_CONNECT_RETRY specifies the\n  interval between reconnection attempts, and MASTER_RETRY_COUNT limits\n  the number of reconnection attempts. If both the default settings are\n  used, the slave waits 60 seconds between reconnection attempts\n  (MASTER_CONNECT_RETRY=60), and keeps attempting to reconnect at this\n  rate for 60 days (MASTER_RETRY_COUNT=86400). These values are\n  recorded in the master info log and shown in the\n  replication_connection_configuration Performance Schema table.\n  MASTER_RETRY_COUNT supersedes the --master-retry-count server startup\n  option.\n\nMASTER_DELAY specifies how many seconds behind the master the slave\nmust lag. An event received from the master is not executed until at\nleast interval seconds later than its execution on the master. The\ndefault is 0. An error occurs if interval is not a nonnegative integer\nin the range from 0 to 231−1. For more information, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/replication-delayed.html.\n\nFrom MySQL 5.7, a CHANGE MASTER TO statement employing the MASTER_DELAY\noption can be executed on a running slave when the slave SQL thread is\nstopped.\n\nMASTER_BIND is for use on replication slaves having multiple network\ninterfaces, and determines which of the slave\'s network interfaces is\nchosen for connecting to the master.\n\nThe address configured with this option, if any, can be seen in the\nMaster_Bind column of the output from SHOW SLAVE STATUS. If you are\nusing slave status log tables (server started with\n--master-info-repository=TABLE), the value can also be seen as the\nMaster_bind column of the mysql.slave_master_info table.\n\nThe ability to bind a replication slave to a specific network interface\nis also supported by NDB Cluster.\n\nMASTER_LOG_FILE and MASTER_LOG_POS are the coordinates at which the\nslave I/O thread should begin reading from the master the next time the\nthread starts. RELAY_LOG_FILE and RELAY_LOG_POS are the coordinates at\nwhich the slave SQL thread should begin reading from the relay log the\nnext time the thread starts. If you specify either of MASTER_LOG_FILE\nor MASTER_LOG_POS, you cannot specify RELAY_LOG_FILE or RELAY_LOG_POS.\nIf you specify either of MASTER_LOG_FILE or MASTER_LOG_POS, you also\ncannot specify MASTER_AUTO_POSITION = 1 (described later in this\nsection). If neither of MASTER_LOG_FILE or MASTER_LOG_POS is specified,\nthe slave uses the last coordinates of the slave SQL thread before\nCHANGE MASTER TO was issued. This ensures that there is no\ndiscontinuity in replication, even if the slave SQL thread was late\ncompared to the slave I/O thread, when you merely want to change, say,\nthe password to use.\n\nFrom MySQL 5.7, a CHANGE MASTER TO statement employing RELAY_LOG_FILE,\nRELAY_LOG_POS, or both options can be executed on a running slave when\nthe slave SQL thread is stopped. Prior to MySQL 5.7.4, CHANGE MASTER TO\ndeletes all relay log files and starts a new one, unless you specify\nRELAY_LOG_FILE or RELAY_LOG_POS. In that case, relay log files are\nkept; the relay_log_purge global variable is set silently to 0. In\nMySQL 5.7.4 and later, relay logs are preserved if at least one of the\nslave SQL thread and the slave I/O thread is running; if both threads\nare stopped, all relay log files are deleted unless at least one of\nRELAY_LOG_FILE or RELAY_LOG_POS is specified.\n\nRELAY_LOG_FILE can use either an absolute or relative path, and uses\nthe same base name as MASTER_LOG_FILE. (Bug #12190)\n\nWhen MASTER_AUTO_POSITION = 1 is used with CHANGE MASTER TO, the slave\nattempts to connect to the master using the GTID-based replication\nprotocol. From MySQL 5.7, this option can be employed by CHANGE MASTER\nTO only if both the slave SQL and slave I/O threads are stopped. Both\nthe slave and the master must have GTIDs enabled (GTID_MODE=ON,\nON_PERMISSIVE, or OFF_PERMISSIVE on the slave, and GTID_MODE=ON on the\nmaster). Auto-positioning is used for the connection, so the\ncoordinates represented by MASTER_LOG_FILE and MASTER_LOG_POS are not\nused, and the use of either or both of these options together with\nMASTER_AUTO_POSITION = 1 causes an error. If multi-source replication\nis enabled on the slave, you need to set the MASTER_AUTO_POSITION = 1\noption for each applicable replication channel.\n\nWith MASTER_AUTO_POSITION = 1 set, in the initial connection handshake,\nthe slave sends a GTID set containing the transactions that it has\nalready received, committed, or both. The master responds by sending\nall transactions recorded in its binary log whose GTID is not included\nin the GTID set sent by the slave. This exchange ensures that the\nmaster only sends the transactions with a GTID that the slave has not\nalready recorded or committed. If the slave receives transactions from\nmore than one master, as in the case of a diamond topology, the\nauto-skip function ensures that the transactions are not applied twice.\nFor details of how the GTID set sent by the slave is computed, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/replication-gtids-auto-position\ning.html.\n\nIf any of the transactions that should be sent by the master have been\npurged from the master\'s binary log, or added to the set of GTIDs in\nthe gtid_purged system variable by another method, the master sends the\nerror ER_MASTER_HAS_PURGED_REQUIRED_GTIDS to the slave, and replication\ndoes not start. Also, if during the exchange of transactions it is\nfound that the slave has recorded or committed transactions with the\nmaster\'s UUID in the GTID, but the master itself has not committed\nthem, the master sends the error ER_SLAVE_HAS_MORE_GTIDS_THAN_MASTER to\nthe slave and replication does not start. For information on how to\nhandle these situations, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/replication-gtids-auto-position\ning.html.\n\nYou can see whether replication is running with auto-positioning\nenabled by checking the Performance Schema\nreplication_connection_status table or the output of SHOW SLAVE STATUS.\nDisabling the MASTER_AUTO_POSITION option again makes the slave revert\nto file-based replication, in which case you must also specify one or\nboth of the MASTER_LOG_FILE or MASTER_LOG_POS options.\n\nIGNORE_SERVER_IDS takes a comma-separated list of 0 or more server IDs.\nEvents originating from the corresponding servers are ignored, with the\nexception of log rotation and deletion events, which are still recorded\nin the relay log.\n\nIn circular replication, the originating server normally acts as the\nterminator of its own events, so that they are not applied more than\nonce. Thus, this option is useful in circular replication when one of\nthe servers in the circle is removed. Suppose that you have a circular\nreplication setup with 4 servers, having server IDs 1, 2, 3, and 4, and\nserver 3 fails. When bridging the gap by starting replication from\nserver 2 to server 4, you can include IGNORE_SERVER_IDS = (3) in the\nCHANGE MASTER TO statement that you issue on server 4 to tell it to use\nserver 2 as its master instead of server 3. Doing so causes it to\nignore and not to propagate any statements that originated with the\nserver that is no longer in use.\n\nIf a CHANGE MASTER TO statement is issued without any IGNORE_SERVER_IDS\noption, any existing list is preserved. To clear the list of ignored\nservers, it is necessary to use the option with an empty list:\n\nCHANGE MASTER TO IGNORE_SERVER_IDS = ();\n\nPrior to MySQL 5.7.5, RESET SLAVE ALL has no effect on the server ID\nlist. In MySQL 5.7.5 and later, RESET SLAVE ALL clears\nIGNORE_SERVER_IDS. (Bug #18816897)\n\nIf IGNORE_SERVER_IDS contains the server\'s own ID and the server was\nstarted with the --replicate-same-server-id option enabled, an error\nresults.\n\nThe master info repository and the output of SHOW SLAVE STATUS provide\nthe list of servers that are currently ignored. For more information,\nsee https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/slave-logs-status.html, and\n[HELP SHOW SLAVE STATUS].\n\nInvoking CHANGE MASTER TO causes the previous values for MASTER_HOST,\nMASTER_PORT, MASTER_LOG_FILE, and MASTER_LOG_POS to be written to the\nerror log, along with other information about the slave\'s state prior\nto execution.\n\nCHANGE MASTER TO causes an implicit commit of an ongoing transaction.\nSee https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/implicit-commit.html.\n\nIn MySQL 5.7.4 and later, the strict requirement to execute STOP SLAVE\nprior to issuing any CHANGE MASTER TO statement (and START SLAVE\nafterward) is removed. Instead of depending on whether the slave is\nstopped, the behavior of CHANGE MASTER TO depends (in MySQL 5.7.4 and\nlater) on the states of the slave SQL thread and slave I/O threads;\nwhich of these threads is stopped or running now determines the options\nthat can or cannot be used with a CHANGE MASTER TO statement at a given\npoint in time. The rules for making this determination are listed here:\n\no If the SQL thread is stopped, you can execute CHANGE MASTER TO using\n  any combination that is otherwise allowed of RELAY_LOG_FILE,\n  RELAY_LOG_POS, and MASTER_DELAY options, even if the slave I/O thread\n  is running. No other options may be used with this statement when the\n  I/O thread is running.\n\no If the I/O thread is stopped, you can execute CHANGE MASTER TO using\n  any of the options for this statement (in any allowed combination)\n  except RELAY_LOG_FILE, RELAY_LOG_POS, MASTER_DELAY, or\n  MASTER_AUTO_POSITION = 1 even when the SQL thread is running.\n\no Both the SQL thread and the I/O thread must be stopped before issuing\n  a CHANGE MASTER TO statement that employs MASTER_AUTO_POSITION = 1.\n\nYou can check the current state of the slave SQL and I/O threads using\nSHOW SLAVE STATUS.\n\nFor more information, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/replication-solutions-switch.ht\nml.\n\nIf you are using statement-based replication and temporary tables, it\nis possible for a CHANGE MASTER TO statement following a STOP SLAVE\nstatement to leave behind temporary tables on the slave. From MySQL\n5.7, a warning (ER_WARN_OPEN_TEMP_TABLES_MUST_BE_ZERO) is issued\nwhenever this occurs. You can avoid this in such cases by making sure\nthat the value of the Slave_open_temp_tables system status variable is\nequal to 0 prior to executing such a CHANGE MASTER TO statement.\n\nCHANGE MASTER TO is useful for setting up a slave when you have the\nsnapshot of the master and have recorded the master binary log\ncoordinates corresponding to the time of the snapshot. After loading\nthe snapshot into the slave to synchronize it with the master, you can\nrun CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE=\'log_name\', MASTER_LOG_POS=log_pos\non the slave to specify the coordinates at which the slave should begin\nreading the master binary log.\n\nThe following example changes the master server the slave uses and\nestablishes the master binary log coordinates from which the slave\nbegins reading. This is used when you want to set up the slave to\nreplicate the master:\n\nCHANGE MASTER TO\n  MASTER_HOST=\'master2.example.com\',\n  MASTER_USER=\'replication\',\n  MASTER_PASSWORD=\'password\',\n  MASTER_PORT=3306,\n  MASTER_LOG_FILE=\'master2-bin.001\',\n  MASTER_LOG_POS=4,\n  MASTER_CONNECT_RETRY=10;\n\nThe next example shows an operation that is less frequently employed.\nIt is used when the slave has relay log files that you want it to\nexecute again for some reason. To do this, the master need not be\nreachable. You need only use CHANGE MASTER TO and start the SQL thread\n(START SLAVE SQL_THREAD):\n\nCHANGE MASTER TO\n  RELAY_LOG_FILE=\'slave-relay-bin.006\',\n  RELAY_LOG_POS=4025;\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/change-master-to.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/change-master-to.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (554,35,'CHANGE REPLICATION FILTER','Syntax:\nCHANGE REPLICATION FILTER filter[, filter][, ...]\n\nfilter:\n    REPLICATE_DO_DB = (db_list)\n  | REPLICATE_IGNORE_DB = (db_list)\n  | REPLICATE_DO_TABLE = (tbl_list)\n  | REPLICATE_IGNORE_TABLE = (tbl_list)\n  | REPLICATE_WILD_DO_TABLE = (wild_tbl_list)\n  | REPLICATE_WILD_IGNORE_TABLE = (wild_tbl_list)\n  | REPLICATE_REWRITE_DB = (db_pair_list)\n\ndb_list:\n    db_name[, db_name][, ...]\n\ntbl_list:\n    db_name.table_name[, db_table_name][, ...]\nwild_tbl_list:\n    \'db_pattern.table_pattern\'[, \'db_pattern.table_pattern\'][, ...]\n\ndb_pair_list:\n    (db_pair)[, (db_pair)][, ...]\n\ndb_pair:\n    from_db, to_db\n\nCHANGE REPLICATION FILTER sets one or more replication filtering rules\non the slave in the same way as starting the slave mysqld with\nreplication filtering options such as --replicate-do-db or\n--replicate-wild-ignore-table. Unlike the case with the server options,\nthis statement does not require restarting the server to take effect,\nonly that the slave SQL thread be stopped using STOP SLAVE SQL_THREAD\nfirst (and restarted with START SLAVE SQL_THREAD afterwards). CHANGE\nREPLICATION FILTER requires the SUPER privilege.\n\nReplication filters cannot be set on a MySQL server instance that is\nconfigured for Group Replication, because filtering transactions on\nsome servers would make the group unable to reach agreement on a\nconsistent state.\n\nThe following list shows the CHANGE REPLICATION FILTER options and how\nthey relate to --replicate-* server options:\n\no REPLICATE_DO_DB: Include updates based on database name. Equivalent\n  to --replicate-do-db.\n\no REPLICATE_IGNORE_DB: Exclude updates based on database name.\n  Equivalent to --replicate-ignore-db.\n\no REPLICATE_DO_TABLE: Include updates based on table name. Equivalent\n  to --replicate-do-table.\n\no REPLICATE_IGNORE_TABLE: Exclude updates based on table name.\n  Equivalent to --replicate-ignore-table.\n\no REPLICATE_WILD_DO_TABLE: Include updates based on wildcard pattern\n  matching table name. Equivalent to --replicate-wild-do-table.\n\no REPLICATE_WILD_IGNORE_TABLE: Exclude updates based on wildcard\n  pattern matching table name. Equivalent to\n  --replicate-wild-ignore-table.\n\no REPLICATE_REWRITE_DB: Perform updates on slave after substituting new\n  name on slave for specified database on master. Equivalent to\n  --replicate-rewrite-db.\n\nThe precise effects of REPLICATE_DO_DB and REPLICATE_IGNORE_DB filters\nare dependent on whether statement-based or row-based replication is in\neffect. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/replication-rules.html, for\nmore information.\n\nMultiple replication filtering rules can be created in a single CHANGE\nREPLICATION FILTER statement by separating the rules with commas, as\nshown here:\n\nCHANGE REPLICATION FILTER\n    REPLICATE_DO_DB = (d1), REPLICATE_IGNORE_DB = (d2);\n\nIssuing the statement just shown is equivalent to starting the slave\nmysqld with the options --replicate-do-db=d1 --replicate-ignore-db=d2.\n\nIf the same filtering rule is specified multiple times, only the last\nsuch rule is actually used. For example, the two statements shown here\nhave exactly the same effect, because the first REPLICATE_DO_DB rule in\nthe first statement is ignored:\n\nCHANGE REPLICATION FILTER\n    REPLICATE_DO_DB = (db1, db2), REPLICATE_DO_DB = (db3, db4);\n\nCHANGE REPLICATION FILTER\n    REPLICATE_DO_DB = (db3,db4);\n\n*Caution*:\n\nThis behavior differs from that of the --replicate-* filter options\nwhere specifying the same option multiple times causes the creation of\nmultiple filter rules.\n\nNames of tables and database not containing any special characters need\nnot be quoted. Values used with REPLICATION_WILD_TABLE and\nREPLICATION_WILD_IGNORE_TABLE are string expressions, possibly\ncontaining (special) wildcard characters, and so must be quoted. This\nis shown in the following example statements:\n\nCHANGE REPLICATION FILTER\n    REPLICATE_WILD_DO_TABLE = (\'db1.old%\');\n\nCHANGE REPLICATION FILTER\n    REPLICATE_WILD_IGNORE_TABLE = (\'db1.new%\', \'db2.new%\');\n\nValues used with REPLICATE_REWRITE_DB represent pairs of database\nnames; each such value must be enclosed in parentheses. The following\nstatement rewrites statements occurring on database db1 on the master\nto database db2 on the slave:\n\nCHANGE REPLICATION FILTER REPLICATE_REWRITE_DB = ((db1, db2));\n\nThe statement just shown contains two sets of parentheses, one\nenclosing the pair of database names, and the other enclosing the\nentire list. This is perhap more easily seen in the following example,\nwhich creates two rewrite-db rules, one rewriting database dbA to dbB,\nand one rewriting database dbC to dbD:\n\nCHANGE REPLICATION FILTER\n  REPLICATE_REWRITE_DB = ((dbA, dbB), (dbC, dbD));\n\nThis statement leaves any existing replication filtering rules\nunchanged; to unset all filters of a given type, set the filter\'s value\nto an explicitly empty list, as shown in this example, which removes\nall existing REPLICATE_DO_DB and REPLICATE_IGNORE_DB rules:\n\nCHANGE REPLICATION FILTER\n    REPLICATE_DO_DB = (), REPLICATE_IGNORE_DB = ();\n\nSetting a filter to empty in this way removes all existing rules, does\nnot create any new ones, and does not restore any rules set at mysqld\nstartup using --replicate-* options on the command line or in the\nconfiguration file.\n\nValues employed with REPLICATE_WILD_DO_TABLE and\nREPLICATE_WILD_IGNORE_TABLE must be in the format db_name.tbl_name.\nPrior to MySQL 5.7.5, this was not strictly enforced, although using\nnonconforming values with these options could lead to erroneous results\n(Bug #18095449).\n\nFor more information, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/replication-rules.html.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/change-replication-filter.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/change-replication-filter.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (555,35,'RESET SLAVE','Syntax:\nRESET SLAVE [ALL] [channel_option]\n\nchannel_option:\n    FOR CHANNEL channel\n\nRESET SLAVE makes the slave forget its replication position in the\nmaster\'s binary log. This statement is meant to be used for a clean\nstart: It clears the master info and relay log info repositories,\ndeletes all the relay log files, and starts a new relay log file. It\nalso resets to 0 the replication delay specified with the MASTER_DELAY\noption to CHANGE MASTER TO.\n\n*Note*:\n\nAll relay log files are deleted, even if they have not been completely\nexecuted by the slave SQL thread. (This is a condition likely to exist\non a replication slave if you have issued a STOP SLAVE statement or if\nthe slave is highly loaded.)\n\nFor a server where GTIDs are in use (gtid_mode is ON), issuing RESET\nSLAVE has no effect on the GTID execution history. The statement does\nnot change the values of gtid_executed or gtid_purged, or the\nmysql.gtid_executed table. If you need to reset the GTID execution\nhistory, use RESET MASTER, even if the GTID-enabled server is a\nreplication slave where binary logging is disabled.\n\nRESET SLAVE requires the RELOAD privilege.\n\nTo use RESET SLAVE, the slave replication threads must be stopped, so\non a running slave use STOP SLAVE before issuing RESET SLAVE. To use\nRESET SLAVE on a Group Replication group member, the member status must\nbe OFFLINE, meaning that the plugin is loaded but the member does not\ncurrently belong to any group. A group member can be taken offline by\nusing a STOP GROUP REPLICATION statement.\n\nThe optional FOR CHANNEL channel clause enables you to name which\nreplication channel the statement applies to. Providing a FOR CHANNEL\nchannel clause applies the RESET SLAVE statement to a specific\nreplication channel. Combining a FOR CHANNEL channel clause with the\nALL option deletes the specified channel. If no channel is named and no\nextra channels exist, the statement applies to the default channel.\nIssuing a RESET SLAVE ALL statement without a FOR CHANNEL channel\nclause when multiple replication channels exist deletes all replication\nchannels and recreates only the default channel. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/replication-channels.html for\nmore information.\n\nRESET SLAVE does not change any replication connection parameters such\nas master host, master port, master user, or master password.\n\no From MySQL 5.7.24, when master_info_repository=TABLE is set on the\n  server, replication connection parameters are preserved in the\n  crash-safe InnoDB table mysql.slave_master_info as part of the RESET\n  SLAVE operation. They are also retained in memory. In the event of a\n  server crash or deliberate restart after issuing RESET SLAVE but\n  before issuing START SLAVE, the replication connection parameters are\n  retrieved from the table and reused for the new connection.\n\no When master_info_repository=FILE is set on the server (which is the\n  default in MySQL 5.7), replication connection parameters are only\n  retained in memory. If the slave mysqld is restarted immediately\n  after issuing RESET SLAVE due to a server crash or deliberate\n  restart, the connection parameters are lost. In that case, you must\n  issue a CHANGE MASTER TO statement after the server start to\n  respecify the connection parameters before issuing START SLAVE.\n\nIf you want to reset the connection parameters intentionally, you need\nto use RESET SLAVE ALL, which clears the connection parameters. In that\ncase, you must issue a CHANGE MASTER TO statement after the server\nstart to specify the new connection parameters.\n\nRESET SLAVE causes an implicit commit of an ongoing transaction. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/implicit-commit.html.\n\nIf the slave SQL thread was in the middle of replicating temporary\ntables when it was stopped, and RESET SLAVE is issued, these replicated\ntemporary tables are deleted on the slave.\n\nPrior to MySQL 5.7.5, RESET SLAVE also had the effect of resetting both\nthe heartbeat period (Slave_heartbeat_period) and\nSSL_VERIFY_SERVER_CERT. This issue is fixed in MySQL 5.7.5 and later.\n(Bug #18777899, Bug #18778485)\n\nPrior to MySQL 5.7.5, RESET SLAVE ALL did not clear the\nIGNORE_SERVER_IDS list set by CHANGE MASTER TO. In MySQL 5.7.5 and\nlater, the statement clears the list. (Bug #18816897)\n\n*Note*:\n\nWhen used on an NDB Cluster replication slave SQL node, RESET SLAVE\nclears the mysql.ndb_apply_status table. You should keep in mind when\nusing this statement that ndb_apply_status uses the NDB storage engine\nand so is shared by all SQL nodes attached to the slave cluster.\n\nYou can override this behavior by issuing SET GLOBAL\n@@ndb_clear_apply_status=OFF prior to executing RESET SLAVE, which\nkeeps the slave from purging the ndb_apply_status table in such cases.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/reset-slave.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/reset-slave.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (556,35,'SET GLOBAL SQL_SLAVE_SKIP_COUNTER','Syntax:\nSET GLOBAL sql_slave_skip_counter = N\n\nThis statement skips the next N events from the master. This is useful\nfor recovering from replication stops caused by a statement.\n\nThis statement is valid only when the slave threads are not running.\nOtherwise, it produces an error.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/set-global-sql-slave-skip-counter.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/set-global-sql-slave-skip-counter.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (557,35,'START SLAVE','Syntax:\nSTART SLAVE [thread_types] [until_option] [connection_options] [channel_option]\n\nthread_types:\n    [thread_type [, thread_type] ... ]\n\nthread_type:\n    IO_THREAD | SQL_THREAD\n\nuntil_option:\n    UNTIL {   {SQL_BEFORE_GTIDS | SQL_AFTER_GTIDS} = gtid_set\n          |   MASTER_LOG_FILE = \'log_name\', MASTER_LOG_POS = log_pos\n          |   RELAY_LOG_FILE = \'log_name\', RELAY_LOG_POS = log_pos\n          |   SQL_AFTER_MTS_GAPS  }\n\nconnection_options:\n    [USER=\'user_name\'] [PASSWORD=\'user_pass\'] [DEFAULT_AUTH=\'plugin_name\'] [PLUGIN_DIR=\'plugin_dir\']\n\n\nchannel_option:\n    FOR CHANNEL channel\n\ngtid_set:\n    uuid_set [, uuid_set] ...\n    | \'\'\n\nuuid_set:\n    uuid:interval[:interval]...\n\nuuid:\n    hhhhhhhh-hhhh-hhhh-hhhh-hhhhhhhhhhhh\n\nh:\n    [0-9,A-F]\n\ninterval:\n    n[-n]\n\n    (n >= 1)\n\nSTART SLAVE with no thread_type options starts both of the slave\nthreads. The I/O thread reads events from the master server and stores\nthem in the relay log. The SQL thread reads events from the relay log\nand executes them. START SLAVE requires the REPLICATION_SLAVE_ADMIN\n(https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/privileges-provided.html#priv_\nreplication-slave-admin) or SUPER privilege.\n\nIf START SLAVE succeeds in starting the slave threads, it returns\nwithout any error. However, even in that case, it might be that the\nslave threads start and then later stop (for example, because they do\nnot manage to connect to the master or read its binary log, or some\nother problem). START SLAVE does not warn you about this. You must\ncheck the slave\'s error log for error messages generated by the slave\nthreads, or check that they are running satisfactorily with SHOW SLAVE\nSTATUS.\n\nIn MySQL 5.7, START SLAVE causes an implicit commit of an ongoing\ntransaction. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/implicit-commit.html.\n\ngtid_next must be set to AUTOMATIC before issuing this statement.\n\nThe optional FOR CHANNEL channel clause enables you to name which\nreplication channel the statement applies to. Providing a FOR CHANNEL\nchannel clause applies the START SLAVE statement to a specific\nreplication channel. If no clause is named and no extra channels exist,\nthe statement applies to the default channel. If a START SLAVE\nstatement does not have a channel defined when using multiple channels,\nthis statement starts the specified threads for all channels. This\nstatement is disallowed for the group_replication_recovery channel. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/replication-channels.html for\nmore information.\n\nMySQL supports pluggable user-password authentication with START SLAVE\nwith the USER, PASSWORD, DEFAULT_AUTH and PLUGIN_DIR options, as\ndescribed in the following list:\n\no USER: User name. Cannot be set to an empty or null string, or left\n  unset if PASSWORD is used.\n\no PASSWORD: Password.\n\no DEFAULT_AUTH: Name of plugin; default is MySQL native authentication.\n\no PLUGIN_DIR: Location of plugin.\n\nYou cannot use the SQL_THREAD option when specifying any of USER,\nPASSWORD, DEFAULT_AUTH, or PLUGIN_DIR, unless the IO_THREAD option is\nalso provided.\n\nSee\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/pluggable-authentication.html,\nfor more information.\n\nIf an insecure connection is used with any these options, the server\nissues the warning Sending passwords in plain text without SSL/TLS is\nextremely insecure.\n\nSTART SLAVE ... UNTIL supports two additional options for use with\nglobal transaction identifiers (GTIDs) (see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/replication-gtids.html). Each\nof these takes a set of one or more global transaction identifiers\ngtid_set as an argument (see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/replication-gtids-concepts.html\n#replication-gtids-concepts-gtid-sets, for more information).\n\nWhen no thread_type is specified, START SLAVE UNTIL SQL_BEFORE_GTIDS\ncauses the slave SQL thread to process transactions until it has\nreached the first transaction whose GTID is listed in the gtid_set.\nSTART SLAVE UNTIL SQL_AFTER_GTIDS causes the slave threads to process\nall transactions until the last transaction in the gtid_set has been\nprocessed by both threads. In other words, START SLAVE UNTIL\nSQL_BEFORE_GTIDS causes the slave SQL thread to process all\ntransactions occurring before the first GTID in the gtid_set is\nreached, and START SLAVE UNTIL SQL_AFTER_GTIDS causes the slave threads\nto handle all transactions, including those whose GTIDs are found in\ngtid_set, until each has encountered a transaction whose GTID is not\npart of the set. SQL_BEFORE_GTIDS and SQL_AFTER_GTIDS each support the\nSQL_THREAD and IO_THREAD options, although using IO_THREAD with them\ncurrently has no effect.\n\nFor example, START SLAVE SQL_THREAD UNTIL SQL_BEFORE_GTIDS =\n3E11FA47-71CA-11E1-9E33-C80AA9429562:11-56 causes the slave SQL thread\nto process all transactions originating from the master whose\nserver_uuid is 3E11FA47-71CA-11E1-9E33-C80AA9429562 until it encounters\nthe transaction having sequence number 11; it then stops without\nprocessing this transaction. In other words, all transactions up to and\nincluding the transaction with sequence number 10 are processed.\nExecuting START SLAVE SQL_THREAD UNTIL SQL_AFTER_GTIDS =\n3E11FA47-71CA-11E1-9E33-C80AA9429562:11-56, on the other hand, would\ncause the slave SQL thread to obtain all transactions just mentioned\nfrom the master, including all of the transactions having the sequence\nnumbers 11 through 56, and then to stop without processing any\nadditional transactions; that is, the transaction having sequence\nnumber 56 would be the last transaction fetched by the slave SQL\nthread.\n\nPrior to MySQL 5.7.3, SQL_AFTER_GTIDS did not stop the slave once the\nindicated transaction was completed, but waited until another GTID\nevent was received (Bug #14767986).\n\nWhen using a multithreaded slave, there is a chance of gaps in the\nsequence of transactions that have been executed from the relay log in\nthe following cases:\n\no killing the coordinator thread\n\no after an error occurs in the worker threads\n\no mysqld shuts down unexpectedly\n\nUse the START SLAVE UNTIL SQL_AFTER_MTS_GAPS statement to cause a\nmultithreaded slave\'s worker threads to only run until no more gaps are\nfound in the relay log, and then to stop. This statement can take an\nSQL_THREAD option, but the effects of the statement remain unchanged.\nIt has no effect on the slave I/O thread (and cannot be used with the\nIO_THREAD option).\n\nIssuing START SLAVE on a multithreaded slave with gaps in the sequence\nof transactions executed from the relay log generates a warning. In\nsuch a situation, the solution is to use START SLAVE UNTIL\nSQL_AFTER_MTS_GAPS, then issue RESET SLAVE to remove any remaining\nrelay logs. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/replication-features-transactio\nn-inconsistencies.html for more information.\n\nTo change a failed multithreaded slave to single-threaded mode, you can\nissue the following series of statements, in the order shown:\n\nSTART SLAVE UNTIL SQL_AFTER_MTS_GAPS;\n\nSET @@GLOBAL.slave_parallel_workers = 0;\n\nSTART SLAVE SQL_THREAD;\n\n*Note*:\n\nIt is possible to view the entire text of a running START SLAVE ...\nstatement, including any USER or PASSWORD values used, in the output of\nSHOW PROCESSLIST. This is also true for the text of a running CHANGE\nMASTER TO statement, including any values it employs for MASTER_USER or\nMASTER_PASSWORD.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/start-slave.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/start-slave.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (558,35,'STOP SLAVE','Syntax:\nSTOP SLAVE [thread_types] [channel_option]\n\nthread_types:\n    [thread_type [, thread_type] ... ]\n\nthread_type: IO_THREAD | SQL_THREAD\n\nchannel_option:\n    FOR CHANNEL channel\n\nStops the slave threads. STOP SLAVE requires the\nREPLICATION_SLAVE_ADMIN\n(https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/privileges-provided.html#priv_\nreplication-slave-admin) or SUPER privilege. Recommended best practice\nis to execute STOP SLAVE on the slave before stopping the slave server\n(see https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-shutdown.html, for\nmore information).\n\nWhen using the row-based logging format: You should execute STOP SLAVE\nor STOP SLAVE SQL_THREAD on the slave prior to shutting down the slave\nserver if you are replicating any tables that use a nontransactional\nstorage engine (see the Note later in this section).\n\nLike START SLAVE, this statement may be used with the IO_THREAD and\nSQL_THREAD options to name the thread or threads to be stopped.\n\nSTOP SLAVE causes an implicit commit of an ongoing transaction. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/implicit-commit.html.\n\nFrom MySQL 5.7, gtid_next must be set to AUTOMATIC before issuing this\nstatement (Bug #16062608).\n\nFrom MySQL 5.7, you can control how long STOP SLAVE waits before timing\nout by setting the rpl_stop_slave_timeout system variable. This can be\nused to avoid deadlocks between STOP SLAVE and other slave SQL\nstatements using different client connections to the slave. When the\ntimeout value is reached, the issuing client returns an error message\nand stops waiting, but the STOP SLAVE instruction remains in effect.\nOnce the slave threads are no longer busy, the STOP SLAVE statement is\nexecuted and the slave stops. (Bug #16856735)\n\nSome CHANGE MASTER TO statements are allowed while the slave is\nrunning, depending on the states of the slave SQL and I/O threads.\nHowever, using STOP SLAVE prior to executing CHANGE MASTER TO in such\ncases is still supported. See [HELP CHANGE MASTER TO], and\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/replication-solutions-switch.ht\nml, for more information.\n\nThe optional FOR CHANNEL channel clause enables you to name which\nreplication channel the statement applies to. Providing a FOR CHANNEL\nchannel clause applies the STOP SLAVE statement to a specific\nreplication channel. If no channel is named and no extra channels\nexist, the statement applies to the default channel. If a STOP SLAVE\nstatement does not name a channel when using multiple channels, this\nstatement stops the specified threads for all channels. This statement\ncannot be used with the group_replication_recovery channel. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/replication-channels.html for\nmore information.\n\nWhen using statement-based replication: changing the master while it\nhas open temporary tables is potentially unsafe. This is one of the\nreasons why statement-based replication of temporary tables is not\nrecommended. You can find out whether there are any temporary tables on\nthe slave by checking the value of Slave_open_temp_tables; when using\nstatement-based replication, this value should be 0 before executing\nCHANGE MASTER TO. If there are any temporary tables open on the slave,\nissuing a CHANGE MASTER TO statement after issuing a STOP SLAVE causes\nan ER_WARN_OPEN_TEMP_TABLES_MUST_BE_ZERO warning.\n\nWhen using a multithreaded slave (slave_parallel_workers is a nonzero\nvalue), any gaps in the sequence of transactions executed from the\nrelay log are closed as part of stopping the worker threads. If the\nslave is stopped unexpectedly (for example due to an error in a worker\nthread, or another thread issuing KILL) while a STOP SLAVE statement is\nexecuting, the sequence of executed transactions from the relay log may\nbecome inconsistent. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/replication-features-transactio\nn-inconsistencies.html, for more information.\n\nIf the current replication event group has modified one or more\nnontransactional tables, STOP SLAVE waits for up to 60 seconds for the\nevent group to complete, unless you issue a KILL QUERY or KILL\nCONNECTION statement for the slave SQL thread. If the event group\nremains incomplete after the timeout, an error message is logged.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/stop-slave.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/stop-slave.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (559,35,'PREPARE','Syntax:\nPREPARE stmt_name FROM preparable_stmt\n\nThe PREPARE statement prepares a SQL statement and assigns it a name,\nstmt_name, by which to refer to the statement later. The prepared\nstatement is executed with EXECUTE and released with DEALLOCATE\nPREPARE. For examples, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/sql-syntax-prepared-statements.\nhtml.\n\nStatement names are not case-sensitive. preparable_stmt is either a\nstring literal or a user variable that contains the text of the SQL\nstatement. The text must represent a single statement, not multiple\nstatements. Within the statement, ? characters can be used as parameter\nmarkers to indicate where data values are to be bound to the query\nlater when you execute it. The ? characters should not be enclosed\nwithin quotation marks, even if you intend to bind them to string\nvalues. Parameter markers can be used only where data values should\nappear, not for SQL keywords, identifiers, and so forth.\n\nIf a prepared statement with the given name already exists, it is\ndeallocated implicitly before the new statement is prepared. This means\nthat if the new statement contains an error and cannot be prepared, an\nerror is returned and no statement with the given name exists.\n\nThe scope of a prepared statement is the session within which it is\ncreated, which as several implications:\n\no A prepared statement created in one session is not available to other\n  sessions.\n\no When a session ends, whether normally or abnormally, its prepared\n  statements no longer exist. If auto-reconnect is enabled, the client\n  is not notified that the connection was lost. For this reason,\n  clients may wish to disable auto-reconnect. See\n  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/c-api-auto-reconnect.html.\n\no A prepared statement created within a stored program continues to\n  exist after the program finishes executing and can be executed\n  outside the program later.\n\no A statement prepared in stored program context cannot refer to stored\n  procedure or function parameters or local variables because they go\n  out of scope when the program ends and would be unavailable were the\n  statement to be executed later outside the program. As a workaround,\n  refer instead to user-defined variables, which also have session\n  scope; see\n  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/user-variables.html.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/prepare.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/prepare.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (560,35,'EXECUTE STATEMENT','Syntax:\nEXECUTE stmt_name\n    [USING @var_name [, @var_name] ...]\n\nAfter preparing a statement with PREPARE, you execute it with an\nEXECUTE statement that refers to the prepared statement name. If the\nprepared statement contains any parameter markers, you must supply a\nUSING clause that lists user variables containing the values to be\nbound to the parameters. Parameter values can be supplied only by user\nvariables, and the USING clause must name exactly as many variables as\nthe number of parameter markers in the statement.\n\nYou can execute a given prepared statement multiple times, passing\ndifferent variables to it or setting the variables to different values\nbefore each execution.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/execute.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/execute.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (561,35,'DEALLOCATE PREPARE','Syntax:\n{DEALLOCATE | DROP} PREPARE stmt_name\n\nTo deallocate a prepared statement produced with PREPARE, use a\nDEALLOCATE PREPARE statement that refers to the prepared statement\nname. Attempting to execute a prepared statement after deallocating it\nresults in an error. If too many prepared statements are created and\nnot deallocated by either the DEALLOCATE PREPARE statement or the end\nof the session, you might encounter the upper limit enforced by the\nmax_prepared_stmt_count system variable.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/deallocate-prepare.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/deallocate-prepare.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (562,35,'DROP PREPARE','Syntax:\n{DEALLOCATE | DROP} PREPARE stmt_name\n\nTo deallocate a prepared statement produced with PREPARE, use a\nDEALLOCATE PREPARE statement that refers to the prepared statement\nname. Attempting to execute a prepared statement after deallocating it\nresults in an error. If too many prepared statements are created and\nnot deallocated by either the DEALLOCATE PREPARE statement or the end\nof the session, you might encounter the upper limit enforced by the\nmax_prepared_stmt_count system variable.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/deallocate-prepare.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/deallocate-prepare.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (563,36,'BEGIN END','Syntax:\n[begin_label:] BEGIN\n    [statement_list]\nEND [end_label]\n\nBEGIN ... END syntax is used for writing compound statements, which can\nappear within stored programs (stored procedures and functions,\ntriggers, and events). A compound statement can contain multiple\nstatements, enclosed by the BEGIN and END keywords. statement_list\nrepresents a list of one or more statements, each terminated by a\nsemicolon (;) statement delimiter. The statement_list itself is\noptional, so the empty compound statement (BEGIN END) is legal.\n\nBEGIN ... END blocks can be nested.\n\nUse of multiple statements requires that a client is able to send\nstatement strings containing the ; statement delimiter. In the mysql\ncommand-line client, this is handled with the delimiter command.\nChanging the ; end-of-statement delimiter (for example, to //) permit ;\nto be used in a program body. For an example, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/stored-programs-defining.html.\n\nA BEGIN ... END block can be labeled. See [HELP labels].\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/begin-end.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/begin-end.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (564,36,'LABELS','Syntax:\n[begin_label:] BEGIN\n    [statement_list]\nEND [end_label]\n\n[begin_label:] LOOP\n    statement_list\nEND LOOP [end_label]\n\n[begin_label:] REPEAT\n    statement_list\nUNTIL search_condition\nEND REPEAT [end_label]\n\n[begin_label:] WHILE search_condition DO\n    statement_list\nEND WHILE [end_label]\n\nLabels are permitted for BEGIN ... END blocks and for the LOOP, REPEAT,\nand WHILE statements. Label use for those statements follows these\nrules:\n\no begin_label must be followed by a colon.\n\no begin_label can be given without end_label. If end_label is present,\n  it must be the same as begin_label.\n\no end_label cannot be given without begin_label.\n\no Labels at the same nesting level must be distinct.\n\no Labels can be up to 16 characters long.\n\nTo refer to a label within the labeled construct, use an ITERATE or\nLEAVE statement. The following example uses those statements to\ncontinue iterating or terminate the loop:\n\nCREATE PROCEDURE doiterate(p1 INT)\nBEGIN\n  label1: LOOP\n    SET p1 = p1 + 1;\n    IF p1 < 10 THEN ITERATE label1; END IF;\n    LEAVE label1;\n  END LOOP label1;\nEND;\n\nThe scope of a block label does not include the code for handlers\ndeclared within the block. For details, see [HELP DECLARE HANDLER].\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/statement-labels.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/statement-labels.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (565,36,'DECLARE VARIABLE','Syntax:\nDECLARE var_name [, var_name] ... type [DEFAULT value]\n\nThis statement declares local variables within stored programs. To\nprovide a default value for a variable, include a DEFAULT clause. The\nvalue can be specified as an expression; it need not be a constant. If\nthe DEFAULT clause is missing, the initial value is NULL.\n\nLocal variables are treated like stored routine parameters with respect\nto data type and overflow checking. See [HELP CREATE PROCEDURE].\n\nVariable declarations must appear before cursor or handler\ndeclarations.\n\nLocal variable names are not case-sensitive. Permissible characters and\nquoting rules are the same as for other identifiers, as described in\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/identifiers.html.\n\nThe scope of a local variable is the BEGIN ... END block within which\nit is declared. The variable can be referred to in blocks nested within\nthe declaring block, except those blocks that declare a variable with\nthe same name.\n\nFor examples of variable declarations, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/local-variable-scope.html.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/declare-local-variable.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/declare-local-variable.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (566,36,'CASE STATEMENT','Syntax:\nCASE case_value\n    WHEN when_value THEN statement_list\n    [WHEN when_value THEN statement_list] ...\n    [ELSE statement_list]\nEND CASE\n\nOr:\n\nCASE\n    WHEN search_condition THEN statement_list\n    [WHEN search_condition THEN statement_list] ...\n    [ELSE statement_list]\nEND CASE\n\nThe CASE statement for stored programs implements a complex conditional\nconstruct.\n\n*Note*:\n\nThere is also a CASE expr, which differs from the CASE statement\ndescribed here. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/control-flow-functions.html.\nThe CASE statement cannot have an ELSE NULL clause, and it is\nterminated with END CASE instead of END.\n\nFor the first syntax, case_value is an expression. This value is\ncompared to the when_value expression in each WHEN clause until one of\nthem is equal. When an equal when_value is found, the corresponding\nTHEN clause statement_list executes. If no when_value is equal, the\nELSE clause statement_list executes, if there is one.\n\nThis syntax cannot be used to test for equality with NULL because NULL\n= NULL is false. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/working-with-null.html.\n\nFor the second syntax, each WHEN clause search_condition expression is\nevaluated until one is true, at which point its corresponding THEN\nclause statement_list executes. If no search_condition is equal, the\nELSE clause statement_list executes, if there is one.\n\nIf no when_value or search_condition matches the value tested and the\nCASE statement contains no ELSE clause, a Case not found for CASE\nstatement error results.\n\nEach statement_list consists of one or more SQL statements; an empty\nstatement_list is not permitted.\n\nTo handle situations where no value is matched by any WHEN clause, use\nan ELSE containing an empty BEGIN ... END block, as shown in this\nexample. (The indentation used here in the ELSE clause is for purposes\nof clarity only, and is not otherwise significant.)\n\nDELIMITER |\n\nCREATE PROCEDURE p()\n  BEGIN\n    DECLARE v INT DEFAULT 1;\n\n    CASE v\n      WHEN 2 THEN SELECT v;\n      WHEN 3 THEN SELECT 0;\n      ELSE\n        BEGIN\n        END;\n    END CASE;\n  END;\n  |\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/case.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/case.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (567,36,'IF STATEMENT','Syntax:\nIF search_condition THEN statement_list\n    [ELSEIF search_condition THEN statement_list] ...\n    [ELSE statement_list]\nEND IF\n\nThe IF statement for stored programs implements a basic conditional\nconstruct.\n\n*Note*:\n\nThere is also an IF() function, which differs from the IF statement\ndescribed here. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/control-flow-functions.html.\nThe IF statement can have THEN, ELSE, and ELSEIF clauses, and it is\nterminated with END IF.\n\nIf a given search_condition evaluates to true, the corresponding THEN\nor ELSEIF clause statement_list executes. If no search_condition\nmatches, the ELSE clause statement_list executes.\n\nEach statement_list consists of one or more SQL statements; an empty\nstatement_list is not permitted.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/if.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/if.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (568,36,'ITERATE','Syntax:\nITERATE label\n\nITERATE can appear only within LOOP, REPEAT, and WHILE statements.\nITERATE means "start the loop again."\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/iterate.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/iterate.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (569,36,'LEAVE','Syntax:\nLEAVE label\n\nThis statement is used to exit the flow control construct that has the\ngiven label. If the label is for the outermost stored program block,\nLEAVE exits the program.\n\nLEAVE can be used within BEGIN ... END or loop constructs (LOOP,\nREPEAT, WHILE).\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/leave.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/leave.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (570,36,'LOOP','Syntax:\n[begin_label:] LOOP\n    statement_list\nEND LOOP [end_label]\n\nLOOP implements a simple loop construct, enabling repeated execution of\nthe statement list, which consists of one or more statements, each\nterminated by a semicolon (;) statement delimiter. The statements\nwithin the loop are repeated until the loop is terminated. Usually,\nthis is accomplished with a LEAVE statement. Within a stored function,\nRETURN can also be used, which exits the function entirely.\n\nNeglecting to include a loop-termination statement results in an\ninfinite loop.\n\nA LOOP statement can be labeled. For the rules regarding label use, see\n[HELP labels].\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/loop.html\n\n','CREATE PROCEDURE doiterate(p1 INT)\nBEGIN\n  label1: LOOP\n    SET p1 = p1 + 1;\n    IF p1 < 10 THEN\n      ITERATE label1;\n    END IF;\n    LEAVE label1;\n  END LOOP label1;\n  SET @x = p1;\nEND;\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/loop.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (571,36,'REPEAT LOOP','Syntax:\n[begin_label:] REPEAT\n    statement_list\nUNTIL search_condition\nEND REPEAT [end_label]\n\nThe statement list within a REPEAT statement is repeated until the\nsearch_condition expression is true. Thus, a REPEAT always enters the\nloop at least once. statement_list consists of one or more statements,\neach terminated by a semicolon (;) statement delimiter.\n\nA REPEAT statement can be labeled. For the rules regarding label use,\nsee [HELP labels].\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/repeat.html\n\n','mysql> delimiter //\n\nmysql> CREATE PROCEDURE dorepeat(p1 INT)\n       BEGIN\n         SET @x = 0;\n         REPEAT\n           SET @x = @x + 1;\n         UNTIL @x > p1 END REPEAT;\n       END\n       //\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)\n\nmysql> CALL dorepeat(1000)//\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)\n\nmysql> SELECT @x//\n+------+\n| @x   |\n+------+\n| 1001 |\n+------+\n1 row in set (0.00 sec)\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/repeat.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (572,36,'RETURN','Syntax:\nRETURN expr\n\nThe RETURN statement terminates execution of a stored function and\nreturns the value expr to the function caller. There must be at least\none RETURN statement in a stored function. There may be more than one\nif the function has multiple exit points.\n\nThis statement is not used in stored procedures, triggers, or events.\nThe LEAVE statement can be used to exit a stored program of those\ntypes.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/return.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/return.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (573,36,'WHILE','Syntax:\n[begin_label:] WHILE search_condition DO\n    statement_list\nEND WHILE [end_label]\n\nThe statement list within a WHILE statement is repeated as long as the\nsearch_condition expression is true. statement_list consists of one or\nmore SQL statements, each terminated by a semicolon (;) statement\ndelimiter.\n\nA WHILE statement can be labeled. For the rules regarding label use,\nsee [HELP labels].\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/while.html\n\n','CREATE PROCEDURE dowhile()\nBEGIN\n  DECLARE v1 INT DEFAULT 5;\n\n  WHILE v1 > 0 DO\n    ...\n    SET v1 = v1 - 1;\n  END WHILE;\nEND;\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/while.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (574,36,'CLOSE','Syntax:\nCLOSE cursor_name\n\nThis statement closes a previously opened cursor. For an example, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/cursors.html.\n\nAn error occurs if the cursor is not open.\n\nIf not closed explicitly, a cursor is closed at the end of the BEGIN\n... END block in which it was declared.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/close.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/close.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (575,36,'DECLARE CURSOR','Syntax:\nDECLARE cursor_name CURSOR FOR select_statement\n\nThis statement declares a cursor and associates it with a SELECT\nstatement that retrieves the rows to be traversed by the cursor. To\nfetch the rows later, use a FETCH statement. The number of columns\nretrieved by the SELECT statement must match the number of output\nvariables specified in the FETCH statement.\n\nThe SELECT statement cannot have an INTO clause.\n\nCursor declarations must appear before handler declarations and after\nvariable and condition declarations.\n\nA stored program may contain multiple cursor declarations, but each\ncursor declared in a given block must have a unique name. For an\nexample, see https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/cursors.html.\n\nFor information available through SHOW statements, it is possible in\nmany cases to obtain equivalent information by using a cursor with an\nINFORMATION_SCHEMA table.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/declare-cursor.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/declare-cursor.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (576,36,'FETCH','Syntax:\nFETCH [[NEXT] FROM] cursor_name INTO var_name [, var_name] ...\n\nThis statement fetches the next row for the SELECT statement associated\nwith the specified cursor (which must be open), and advances the cursor\npointer. If a row exists, the fetched columns are stored in the named\nvariables. The number of columns retrieved by the SELECT statement must\nmatch the number of output variables specified in the FETCH statement.\n\nIf no more rows are available, a No Data condition occurs with SQLSTATE\nvalue \'02000\'. To detect this condition, you can set up a handler for\nit (or for a NOT FOUND condition). For an example, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/cursors.html.\n\nBe aware that another operation, such as a SELECT or another FETCH, may\nalso cause the handler to execute by raising the same condition. If it\nis necessary to distinguish which operation raised the condition, place\nthe operation within its own BEGIN ... END block so that it can be\nassociated with its own handler.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/fetch.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/fetch.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (577,36,'OPEN','Syntax:\nOPEN cursor_name\n\nThis statement opens a previously declared cursor. For an example, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/cursors.html.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/open.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/open.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (578,36,'DECLARE CONDITION','Syntax:\nDECLARE condition_name CONDITION FOR condition_value\n\ncondition_value: {\n    mysql_error_code\n  | SQLSTATE [VALUE] sqlstate_value\n}\n\nThe DECLARE ... CONDITION statement declares a named error condition,\nassociating a name with a condition that needs specific handling. The\nname can be referred to in a subsequent DECLARE ... HANDLER statement\n(see [HELP DECLARE HANDLER]).\n\nCondition declarations must appear before cursor or handler\ndeclarations.\n\nThe condition_value for DECLARE ... CONDITION indicates the specific\ncondition or class of conditions to associate with the condition name.\nIt can take the following forms:\n\no mysql_error_code: An integer literal indicating a MySQL error code.\n\n  Do not use MySQL error code 0 because that indicates success rather\n  than an error condition. For a list of MySQL error codes, see\n  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-error-reference.html.\n\no SQLSTATE [VALUE] sqlstate_value: A 5-character string literal\n  indicating an SQLSTATE value.\n\n  Do not use SQLSTATE values that begin with \'00\' because those\n  indicate success rather than an error condition. For a list of\n  SQLSTATE values, see\n  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-error-reference.html.\n\nCondition names referred to in SIGNAL or use RESIGNAL statements must\nbe associated with SQLSTATE values, not MySQL error codes.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/declare-condition.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/declare-condition.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (579,36,'DECLARE HANDLER','Syntax:\nDECLARE handler_action HANDLER\n    FOR condition_value [, condition_value] ...\n    statement\n\nhandler_action: {\n    CONTINUE\n  | EXIT\n  | UNDO\n}\n\ncondition_value: {\n    mysql_error_code\n  | SQLSTATE [VALUE] sqlstate_value\n  | condition_name\n  | SQLWARNING\n  | NOT FOUND\n  | SQLEXCEPTION\n}\n\nThe DECLARE ... HANDLER statement specifies a handler that deals with\none or more conditions. If one of these conditions occurs, the\nspecified statement executes. statement can be a simple statement such\nas SET var_name = value, or a compound statement written using BEGIN\nand END (see [HELP BEGIN END]).\n\nHandler declarations must appear after variable or condition\ndeclarations.\n\nThe handler_action value indicates what action the handler takes after\nexecution of the handler statement:\n\no CONTINUE: Execution of the current program continues.\n\no EXIT: Execution terminates for the BEGIN ... END compound statement\n  in which the handler is declared. This is true even if the condition\n  occurs in an inner block.\n\no UNDO: Not supported.\n\nThe condition_value for DECLARE ... HANDLER indicates the specific\ncondition or class of conditions that activates the handler. It can\ntake the following forms:\n\no mysql_error_code: An integer literal indicating a MySQL error code,\n  such as 1051 to specify "unknown table":\n\nDECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR 1051\n  BEGIN\n    -- body of handler\n  END;\n\n  Do not use MySQL error code 0 because that indicates success rather\n  than an error condition. For a list of MySQL error codes, see\n  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-error-reference.html.\n\no SQLSTATE [VALUE] sqlstate_value: A 5-character string literal\n  indicating an SQLSTATE value, such as \'42S01\' to specify "unknown\n  table":\n\nDECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR SQLSTATE \'42S02\'\n  BEGIN\n    -- body of handler\n  END;\n\n  Do not use SQLSTATE values that begin with \'00\' because those\n  indicate success rather than an error condition. For a list of\n  SQLSTATE values, see\n  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-error-reference.html.\n\no condition_name: A condition name previously specified with DECLARE\n  ... CONDITION. A condition name can be associated with a MySQL error\n  code or SQLSTATE value. See [HELP DECLARE CONDITION].\n\no SQLWARNING: Shorthand for the class of SQLSTATE values that begin\n  with \'01\'.\n\nDECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR SQLWARNING\n  BEGIN\n    -- body of handler\n  END;\n\no NOT FOUND: Shorthand for the class of SQLSTATE values that begin with\n  \'02\'. This is relevant within the context of cursors and is used to\n  control what happens when a cursor reaches the end of a data set. If\n  no more rows are available, a No Data condition occurs with SQLSTATE\n  value \'02000\'. To detect this condition, you can set up a handler for\n  it or for a NOT FOUND condition.\n\nDECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND\n  BEGIN\n    -- body of handler\n  END;\n\n  For another example, see\n  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/cursors.html. The NOT FOUND\n  condition also occurs for SELECT ... INTO var_list statements that\n  retrieve no rows.\n\no SQLEXCEPTION: Shorthand for the class of SQLSTATE values that do not\n  begin with \'00\', \'01\', or \'02\'.\n\nDECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR SQLEXCEPTION\n  BEGIN\n    -- body of handler\n  END;\n\nFor information about how the server chooses handlers when a condition\noccurs, see https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/handler-scope.html.\n\nIf a condition occurs for which no handler has been declared, the\naction taken depends on the condition class:\n\no For SQLEXCEPTION conditions, the stored program terminates at the\n  statement that raised the condition, as if there were an EXIT\n  handler. If the program was called by another stored program, the\n  calling program handles the condition using the handler selection\n  rules applied to its own handlers.\n\no For SQLWARNING conditions, the program continues executing, as if\n  there were a CONTINUE handler.\n\no For NOT FOUND conditions, if the condition was raised normally, the\n  action is CONTINUE. If it was raised by SIGNAL or RESIGNAL, the\n  action is EXIT.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/declare-handler.html\n\n','mysql> CREATE TABLE test.t (s1 INT, PRIMARY KEY (s1));\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)\n\nmysql> delimiter //\n\nmysql> CREATE PROCEDURE handlerdemo ()\n       BEGIN\n         DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR SQLSTATE \'23000\' SET @x2 = 1;\n         SET @x = 1;\n         INSERT INTO test.t VALUES (1);\n         SET @x = 2;\n         INSERT INTO test.t VALUES (1);\n         SET @x = 3;\n       END;\n       //\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)\n\nmysql> CALL handlerdemo()//\nQuery OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)\n\nmysql> SELECT @x//\n    +------+\n    | @x   |\n    +------+\n    | 3    |\n    +------+\n    1 row in set (0.00 sec)\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/declare-handler.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (580,36,'GET DIAGNOSTICS','Syntax:\nGET [CURRENT | STACKED] DIAGNOSTICS\n{\n    statement_information_item\n    [, statement_information_item] ...\n  | CONDITION condition_number\n    condition_information_item\n    [, condition_information_item] ...\n}\n\nstatement_information_item:\n    target = statement_information_item_name\n\ncondition_information_item:\n    target = condition_information_item_name\n\nstatement_information_item_name:\n    NUMBER\n  | ROW_COUNT\n\ncondition_information_item_name: {\n    CLASS_ORIGIN\n  | SUBCLASS_ORIGIN\n  | RETURNED_SQLSTATE\n  | MESSAGE_TEXT\n  | MYSQL_ERRNO\n  | CONSTRAINT_CATALOG\n  | CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA\n  | CONSTRAINT_NAME\n  | CATALOG_NAME\n  | SCHEMA_NAME\n  | TABLE_NAME\n  | COLUMN_NAME\n  | CURSOR_NAME\n}\n\ncondition_number, target:\n    (see following discussion)\n\nSQL statements produce diagnostic information that populates the\ndiagnostics area. The GET DIAGNOSTICS statement enables applications to\ninspect this information. (You can also use SHOW WARNINGS or SHOW\nERRORS to see conditions or errors.)\n\nNo special privileges are required to execute GET DIAGNOSTICS.\n\nThe keyword CURRENT means to retrieve information from the current\ndiagnostics area. The keyword STACKED means to retrieve information\nfrom the second diagnostics area, which is available only if the\ncurrent context is a condition handler. If neither keyword is given,\nthe default is to use the current diagnostics area.\n\nThe GET DIAGNOSTICS statement is typically used in a handler within a\nstored program. It is a MySQL extension that GET [CURRENT] DIAGNOSTICS\nis permitted outside handler context to check the execution of any SQL\nstatement. For example, if you invoke the mysql client program, you can\nenter these statements at the prompt:\n\nmysql> DROP TABLE test.no_such_table;\nERROR 1051 (42S02): Unknown table \'test.no_such_table\'\nmysql> GET DIAGNOSTICS CONDITION 1\n         @p1 = RETURNED_SQLSTATE, @p2 = MESSAGE_TEXT;\nmysql> SELECT @p1, @p2;\n+-------+------------------------------------+\n| @p1   | @p2                                |\n+-------+------------------------------------+\n| 42S02 | Unknown table \'test.no_such_table\' |\n+-------+------------------------------------+\n\nThis extension applies only to the current diagnostics area. It does\nnot apply to the second diagnostics area because GET STACKED\nDIAGNOSTICS is permitted only if the current context is a condition\nhandler. If that is not the case, a GET STACKED DIAGNOSTICS when\nhandler not active error occurs.\n\nFor a description of the diagnostics area, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/diagnostics-area.html. Briefly,\nit contains two kinds of information:\n\no Statement information, such as the number of conditions that occurred\n  or the affected-rows count.\n\no Condition information, such as the error code and message. If a\n  statement raises multiple conditions, this part of the diagnostics\n  area has a condition area for each one. If a statement raises no\n  conditions, this part of the diagnostics area is empty.\n\nFor a statement that produces three conditions, the diagnostics area\ncontains statement and condition information like this:\n\nStatement information:\n  row count\n  ... other statement information items ...\nCondition area list:\n  Condition area 1:\n    error code for condition 1\n    error message for condition 1\n    ... other condition information items ...\n  Condition area 2:\n    error code for condition 2:\n    error message for condition 2\n    ... other condition information items ...\n  Condition area 3:\n    error code for condition 3\n    error message for condition 3\n    ... other condition information items ...\n\nGET DIAGNOSTICS can obtain either statement or condition information,\nbut not both in the same statement:\n\no To obtain statement information, retrieve the desired statement items\n  into target variables. This instance of GET DIAGNOSTICS assigns the\n  number of available conditions and the rows-affected count to the\n  user variables @p1 and @p2:\n\nGET DIAGNOSTICS @p1 = NUMBER, @p2 = ROW_COUNT;\n\no To obtain condition information, specify the condition number and\n  retrieve the desired condition items into target variables. This\n  instance of GET DIAGNOSTICS assigns the SQLSTATE value and error\n  message to the user variables @p3 and @p4:\n\nGET DIAGNOSTICS CONDITION 1\n  @p3 = RETURNED_SQLSTATE, @p4 = MESSAGE_TEXT;\n\nThe retrieval list specifies one or more target = item_name\nassignments, separated by commas. Each assignment names a target\nvariable and either a statement_information_item_name or\ncondition_information_item_name designator, depending on whether the\nstatement retrieves statement or condition information.\n\nValid target designators for storing item information can be stored\nprocedure or function parameters, stored program local variables\ndeclared with DECLARE, or user-defined variables.\n\nValid condition_number designators can be stored procedure or function\nparameters, stored program local variables declared with DECLARE,\nuser-defined variables, system variables, or literals. A character\nliteral may include a _charset introducer. A warning occurs if the\ncondition number is not in the range from 1 to the number of condition\nareas that have information. In this case, the warning is added to the\ndiagnostics area without clearing it.\n\nWhen a condition occurs, MySQL does not populate all condition items\nrecognized by GET DIAGNOSTICS. For example:\n\nmysql> GET DIAGNOSTICS CONDITION 1\n         @p5 = SCHEMA_NAME, @p6 = TABLE_NAME;\nmysql> SELECT @p5, @p6;\n+------+------+\n| @p5  | @p6  |\n+------+------+\n|      |      |\n+------+------+\n\nIn standard SQL, if there are multiple conditions, the first condition\nrelates to the SQLSTATE value returned for the previous SQL statement.\nIn MySQL, this is not guaranteed. To get the main error, you cannot do\nthis:\n\nGET DIAGNOSTICS CONDITION 1 @errno = MYSQL_ERRNO;\n\nInstead, retrieve the condition count first, then use it to specify\nwhich condition number to inspect:\n\nGET DIAGNOSTICS @cno = NUMBER;\nGET DIAGNOSTICS CONDITION @cno @errno = MYSQL_ERRNO;\n\nFor information about permissible statement and condition information\nitems, and which ones are populated when a condition occurs, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/diagnostics-area.html#diagnosti\ncs-area-information-items.\n\nHere is an example that uses GET DIAGNOSTICS and an exception handler\nin stored procedure context to assess the outcome of an insert\noperation. If the insert was successful, the procedure uses GET\nDIAGNOSTICS to get the rows-affected count. This shows that you can use\nGET DIAGNOSTICS multiple times to retrieve information about a\nstatement as long as the current diagnostics area has not been cleared.\n\nCREATE PROCEDURE do_insert(value INT)\nBEGIN\n  -- Declare variables to hold diagnostics area information\n  DECLARE code CHAR(5) DEFAULT \'00000\';\n  DECLARE msg TEXT;\n  DECLARE rows INT;\n  DECLARE result TEXT;\n  -- Declare exception handler for failed insert\n  DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR SQLEXCEPTION\n    BEGIN\n      GET DIAGNOSTICS CONDITION 1\n        code = RETURNED_SQLSTATE, msg = MESSAGE_TEXT;\n    END;\n\n  -- Perform the insert\n  INSERT INTO t1 (int_col) VALUES(value);\n  -- Check whether the insert was successful\n  IF code = \'00000\' THEN\n    GET DIAGNOSTICS rows = ROW_COUNT;\n    SET result = CONCAT(\'insert succeeded, row count = \',rows);\n  ELSE\n    SET result = CONCAT(\'insert failed, error = \',code,\', message = \',msg);\n  END IF;\n  -- Say what happened\n  SELECT result;\nEND;\n\nSuppose that t1.int_col is an integer column that is declared as NOT\nNULL. The procedure produces these results when invoked to insert\nnon-NULL and NULL values, respectively:\n\nmysql> CALL do_insert(1);\n+---------------------------------+\n| result                          |\n+---------------------------------+\n| insert succeeded, row count = 1 |\n+---------------------------------+\n\nmysql> CALL do_insert(NULL);\n+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| result                                                                  |\n+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n| insert failed, error = 23000, message = Column \'int_col\' cannot be null |\n+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/get-diagnostics.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/get-diagnostics.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (581,36,'RESIGNAL','Syntax:\nRESIGNAL [condition_value]\n    [SET signal_information_item\n    [, signal_information_item] ...]\n\ncondition_value: {\n    SQLSTATE [VALUE] sqlstate_value\n  | condition_name\n}\n\nsignal_information_item:\n    condition_information_item_name = simple_value_specification\n\ncondition_information_item_name: {\n    CLASS_ORIGIN\n  | SUBCLASS_ORIGIN\n  | MESSAGE_TEXT\n  | MYSQL_ERRNO\n  | CONSTRAINT_CATALOG\n  | CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA\n  | CONSTRAINT_NAME\n  | CATALOG_NAME\n  | SCHEMA_NAME\n  | TABLE_NAME\n  | COLUMN_NAME\n  | CURSOR_NAME\n}\n\ncondition_name, simple_value_specification:\n    (see following discussion)\n\nRESIGNAL passes on the error condition information that is available\nduring execution of a condition handler within a compound statement\ninside a stored procedure or function, trigger, or event. RESIGNAL may\nchange some or all information before passing it on. RESIGNAL is\nrelated to SIGNAL, but instead of originating a condition as SIGNAL\ndoes, RESIGNAL relays existing condition information, possibly after\nmodifying it.\n\nRESIGNAL makes it possible to both handle an error and return the error\ninformation. Otherwise, by executing an SQL statement within the\nhandler, information that caused the handler\'s activation is destroyed.\nRESIGNAL also can make some procedures shorter if a given handler can\nhandle part of a situation, then pass the condition "up the line" to\nanother handler.\n\nNo privileges are required to execute the RESIGNAL statement.\n\nAll forms of RESIGNAL require that the current context be a condition\nhandler. Otherwise, RESIGNAL is illegal and a RESIGNAL when handler not\nactive error occurs.\n\nTo retrieve information from the diagnostics area, use the GET\nDIAGNOSTICS statement (see [HELP GET DIAGNOSTICS]). For information\nabout the diagnostics area, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/diagnostics-area.html.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/resignal.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/resignal.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (582,36,'SIGNAL','Syntax:\nSIGNAL condition_value\n    [SET signal_information_item\n    [, signal_information_item] ...]\n\ncondition_value: {\n    SQLSTATE [VALUE] sqlstate_value\n  | condition_name\n}\n\nsignal_information_item:\n    condition_information_item_name = simple_value_specification\n\ncondition_information_item_name: {\n    CLASS_ORIGIN\n  | SUBCLASS_ORIGIN\n  | MESSAGE_TEXT\n  | MYSQL_ERRNO\n  | CONSTRAINT_CATALOG\n  | CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA\n  | CONSTRAINT_NAME\n  | CATALOG_NAME\n  | SCHEMA_NAME\n  | TABLE_NAME\n  | COLUMN_NAME\n  | CURSOR_NAME\n}\n\ncondition_name, simple_value_specification:\n    (see following discussion)\n\nSIGNAL is the way to "return" an error. SIGNAL provides error\ninformation to a handler, to an outer portion of the application, or to\nthe client. Also, it provides control over the error\'s characteristics\n(error number, SQLSTATE value, message). Without SIGNAL, it is\nnecessary to resort to workarounds such as deliberately referring to a\nnonexistent table to cause a routine to return an error.\n\nNo privileges are required to execute the SIGNAL statement.\n\nTo retrieve information from the diagnostics area, use the GET\nDIAGNOSTICS statement (see [HELP GET DIAGNOSTICS]). For information\nabout the diagnostics area, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/diagnostics-area.html.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/signal.html\n\n','CREATE PROCEDURE p (pval INT)\nBEGIN\n  DECLARE specialty CONDITION FOR SQLSTATE \'45000\';\n  IF pval = 0 THEN\n    SIGNAL SQLSTATE \'01000\';\n  ELSEIF pval = 1 THEN\n    SIGNAL SQLSTATE \'45000\'\n      SET MESSAGE_TEXT = \'An error occurred\';\n  ELSEIF pval = 2 THEN\n    SIGNAL specialty\n      SET MESSAGE_TEXT = \'An error occurred\';\n  ELSE\n    SIGNAL SQLSTATE \'01000\'\n      SET MESSAGE_TEXT = \'A warning occurred\', MYSQL_ERRNO = 1000;\n    SIGNAL SQLSTATE \'45000\'\n      SET MESSAGE_TEXT = \'An error occurred\', MYSQL_ERRNO = 1001;\n  END IF;\nEND;\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/signal.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (583,37,'ALTER USER','Syntax:\nALTER USER [IF EXISTS]\n    user [auth_option] [, user [auth_option]] ...\n    [REQUIRE {NONE | tls_option [[AND] tls_option] ...}]\n    [WITH resource_option [resource_option] ...]\n    [password_option | lock_option] ...\n\nALTER USER [IF EXISTS]\n    USER() IDENTIFIED BY \'auth_string\'\n\nuser:\n    (see )\n\nauth_option: {\n    IDENTIFIED BY \'auth_string\'\n  | IDENTIFIED WITH auth_plugin\n  | IDENTIFIED WITH auth_plugin BY \'auth_string\'\n  | IDENTIFIED WITH auth_plugin AS \'auth_string\'\n}\n\ntls_option: {\n   SSL\n | X509\n | CIPHER \'cipher\'\n | ISSUER \'issuer\'\n | SUBJECT \'subject\'\n}\n\nresource_option: {\n    MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR count\n  | MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR count\n  | MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR count\n  | MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS count\n}\n\npassword_option: {\n    PASSWORD EXPIRE\n  | PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT\n  | PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER\n  | PASSWORD EXPIRE INTERVAL N DAY\n}\n\nlock_option: {\n    ACCOUNT LOCK\n  | ACCOUNT UNLOCK\n}\n\nThe ALTER USER statement modifies MySQL accounts. It enables\nauthentication, SSL/TLS, resource-limit, and password-management\nproperties to be modified for existing accounts. It can also be used to\nlock and unlock accounts.\n\nTo use ALTER USER, you must have the global CREATE USER privilege or\nthe UPDATE privilege for the mysql system database. When the read_only\nsystem variable is enabled, ALTER USER additionally requires the SUPER\nprivilege.\n\nBy default, an error occurs if you try to modify a user that does not\nexist. If the IF EXISTS clause is given, the statement produces a\nwarning for each named user that does not exist, rather than an error.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/alter-user.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/alter-user.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (584,37,'CREATE USER','Syntax:\nCREATE USER [IF NOT EXISTS]\n    user [auth_option] [, user [auth_option]] ...\n    [REQUIRE {NONE | tls_option [[AND] tls_option] ...}]\n    [WITH resource_option [resource_option] ...]\n    [password_option | lock_option] ...\n\nuser:\n    (see )\n\nauth_option: {\n    IDENTIFIED BY \'auth_string\'\n  | IDENTIFIED WITH auth_plugin\n  | IDENTIFIED WITH auth_plugin BY \'auth_string\'\n  | IDENTIFIED WITH auth_plugin AS \'auth_string\'\n  | IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD \'auth_string\'\n}\n\ntls_option: {\n   SSL\n | X509\n | CIPHER \'cipher\'\n | ISSUER \'issuer\'\n | SUBJECT \'subject\'\n}\n\nresource_option: {\n    MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR count\n  | MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR count\n  | MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR count\n  | MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS count\n}\n\npassword_option: {\n    PASSWORD EXPIRE\n  | PASSWORD EXPIRE DEFAULT\n  | PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER\n  | PASSWORD EXPIRE INTERVAL N DAY\n}\n\nlock_option: {\n    ACCOUNT LOCK\n  | ACCOUNT UNLOCK\n}\n\nThe CREATE USER statement creates new MySQL accounts. It enables\nauthentication, SSL/TLS, resource-limit, and password-management\nproperties to be established for new accounts, and controls whether\naccounts are initially locked or unlocked.\n\nTo use CREATE USER, you must have the global CREATE USER privilege, or\nthe INSERT privilege for the mysql system database. When the read_only\nsystem variable is enabled, CREATE USER additionally requires the SUPER\nprivilege.\n\nAn error occurs if you try to create an account that already exists. If\nthe IF NOT EXISTS clause is given, the statement produces a warning for\neach named account that already exists, rather than an error.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-user.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-user.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (585,37,'DROP USER','Syntax:\nDROP USER [IF EXISTS] user [, user] ...\n\nThe DROP USER statement removes one or more MySQL accounts and their\nprivileges. It removes privilege rows for the account from all grant\ntables.\n\nTo use DROP USER, you must have the global CREATE USER privilege, or\nthe DELETE privilege for the mysql system database. When the read_only\nsystem variable is enabled, DROP USER additionally requires the SUPER\nprivilege.\n\nAn error occurs if you try to drop an account that does not exist. If\nthe IF EXISTS clause is given, the statement produces a warning for\neach named user that does not exist, rather than an error.\n\nEach account name uses the format described in\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/account-names.html. For\nexample:\n\nDROP USER \'jeffrey\'@\'localhost\';\n\nThe host name part of the account name, if omitted, defaults to \'%\'.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/drop-user.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/drop-user.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (586,37,'GRANT','Syntax:\nGRANT\n    priv_type [(column_list)]\n      [, priv_type [(column_list)]] ...\n    ON [object_type] priv_level\n    TO user [auth_option] [, user [auth_option]] ...\n    [REQUIRE {NONE | tls_option [[AND] tls_option] ...}]\n    [WITH {GRANT OPTION | resource_option} ...]\n\nGRANT PROXY ON user\n    TO user [, user] ...\n    [WITH GRANT OPTION]\n\nobject_type: {\n    TABLE\n  | FUNCTION\n  | PROCEDURE\n}\n\npriv_level: {\n    *\n  | *.*\n  | db_name.*\n  | db_name.tbl_name\n  | tbl_name\n  | db_name.routine_name\n}\n\nuser:\n    (see https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/account-names.html)\n\nauth_option: {\n    IDENTIFIED BY \'auth_string\'\n  | IDENTIFIED WITH auth_plugin\n  | IDENTIFIED WITH auth_plugin BY \'auth_string\'\n  | IDENTIFIED WITH auth_plugin AS \'auth_string\'\n  | IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD \'auth_string\'\n}\n\ntls_option: {\n    SSL\n  | X509\n  | CIPHER \'cipher\'\n  | ISSUER \'issuer\'\n  | SUBJECT \'subject\'\n}\n\nresource_option: {\n  | MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR count\n  | MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR count\n  | MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR count\n  | MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS count\n}\n\nThe GRANT statement grants privileges to MySQL user accounts.\n\nTo use GRANT, you must have the GRANT OPTION privilege, and you must\nhave the privileges that you are granting. When the read_only system\nvariable is enabled, GRANT additionally requires the SUPER privilege.\n\nThe REVOKE statement is related to GRANT and enables administrators to\nremove account privileges. See [HELP REVOKE].\n\nEach account name uses the format described in\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/account-names.html. For\nexample:\n\nGRANT ALL ON db1.* TO \'jeffrey\'@\'localhost\';\n\nThe host name part of the account, if omitted, defaults to \'%\'.\n\nNormally, a database administrator first uses CREATE USER to create an\naccount and define its nonprivilege characteristics such as its\npassword, whether it uses secure connections, and limits on access to\nserver resources, then uses GRANT to define its privileges. ALTER USER\nmay be used to change the nonprivilege characteristics of existing\naccounts. For example:\n\nCREATE USER \'jeffrey\'@\'localhost\' IDENTIFIED BY \'password\';\nGRANT ALL ON db1.* TO \'jeffrey\'@\'localhost\';\nGRANT SELECT ON db2.invoice TO \'jeffrey\'@\'localhost\';\nALTER USER \'jeffrey\'@\'localhost\' WITH MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR 90;\n\n*Note*:\n\nExamples shown here include no IDENTIFIED clause. It is assumed that\nyou establish passwords with CREATE USER at account-creation time to\navoid creating insecure accounts.\n\n*Note*:\n\nIf an account named in a GRANT statement does not already exist, GRANT\nmay create it under the conditions described later in the discussion of\nthe NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER SQL mode. It is also possible to use GRANT to\nspecify nonprivilege account characteristics such as whether it uses\nsecure connections and limits on access to server resources.\n\nHowever, use of GRANT to create accounts or define nonprivilege\ncharacteristics is deprecated as of MySQL 5.7.6. Instead, perform these\ntasks using CREATE USER or ALTER USER.\n\nFrom the mysql program, GRANT responds with Query OK, 0 rows affected\nwhen executed successfully. To determine what privileges result from\nthe operation, use SHOW GRANTS. See [HELP SHOW GRANTS].\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/grant.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/grant.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (587,37,'RENAME USER','Syntax:\nRENAME USER old_user TO new_user\n    [, old_user TO new_user] ...\n\nThe RENAME USER statement renames existing MySQL accounts. An error\noccurs for old accounts that do not exist or new accounts that already\nexist.\n\nTo use RENAME USER, you must have the global CREATE USER privilege, or\nthe UPDATE privilege for the mysql system database. When the read_only\nsystem variable is enabled, RENAME USER additionally requires the SUPER\nprivilege.\n\nEach account name uses the format described in\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/account-names.html. For\nexample:\n\nRENAME USER \'jeffrey\'@\'localhost\' TO \'jeff\'@\'127.0.0.1\';\n\nThe host name part of the account name, if omitted, defaults to \'%\'.\n\nRENAME USER causes the privileges held by the old user to be those held\nby the new user. However, RENAME USER does not automatically drop or\ninvalidate databases or objects within them that the old user created.\nThis includes stored programs or views for which the DEFINER attribute\nnames the old user. Attempts to access such objects may produce an\nerror if they execute in definer security context. (For information\nabout security context, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/stored-objects-security.html.)\n\nThe privilege changes take effect as indicated in\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/privilege-changes.html.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/rename-user.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/rename-user.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (588,37,'REVOKE','Syntax:\nREVOKE\n    priv_type [(column_list)]\n      [, priv_type [(column_list)]] ...\n    ON [object_type] priv_level\n    FROM user [, user] ...\n\nREVOKE ALL [PRIVILEGES], GRANT OPTION\n    FROM user [, user] ...\n\nREVOKE PROXY ON user\n    FROM user [, user] ...\n\nThe REVOKE statement enables system administrators to revoke privileges\nfrom MySQL accounts.\n\nFor details on the levels at which privileges exist, the permissible\npriv_type, priv_level, and object_type values, and the syntax for\nspecifying users and passwords, see [HELP GRANT].\n\nWhen the read_only system variable is enabled, REVOKE requires the\nSUPER privilege in addition to any other required privileges described\nin the following discussion.\n\nEach account name uses the format described in\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/account-names.html. For\nexample:\n\nREVOKE INSERT ON *.* FROM \'jeffrey\'@\'localhost\';\n\nThe host name part of the account name, if omitted, defaults to \'%\'.\n\nTo use the first REVOKE syntax, you must have the GRANT OPTION\nprivilege, and you must have the privileges that you are revoking.\n\nTo revoke all privileges, use the second syntax, which drops all\nglobal, database, table, column, and routine privileges for the named\nuser or users:\n\nREVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES, GRANT OPTION FROM user [, user] ...\n\nTo use this REVOKE syntax, you must have the global CREATE USER\nprivilege, or the UPDATE privilege for the mysql system database.\n\nUser accounts from which privileges are to be revoked must exist, but\nthe privileges to be revoked need not be currently granted to them.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/revoke.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/revoke.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (589,37,'SET PASSWORD','Syntax:\nSET PASSWORD [FOR user] = password_option\n\npassword_option: {\n    \'auth_string\'\n  | PASSWORD(\'auth_string\')\n}\n\nThe SET PASSWORD statement assigns a password to a MySQL user account.\n\'auth_string\' represents a cleartext (unencrypted) password.\n\n*Note*:\n\no SET PASSWORD ... = PASSWORD(\'auth_string\') syntax is deprecated as of\n  MySQL 5.7.6 and will be removed in a future MySQL release.\n\no SET PASSWORD ... = \'auth_string\' syntax is not deprecated, but ALTER\n  USER is the preferred statement for account alterations, including\n  assigning passwords. For example:\n\nALTER USER user IDENTIFIED BY \'auth_string\';\n\n*Important*:\n\nUnder some circumstances, SET PASSWORD may be recorded in server logs\nor on the client side in a history file such as ~/.mysql_history, which\nmeans that cleartext passwords may be read by anyone having read access\nto that information. For information about the conditions under which\nthis occurs for the server logs and how to control it, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/password-logging.html. For\nsimilar information about client-side logging, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysql-logging.html.\n\nSET PASSWORD can be used with or without a FOR clause that explicitly\nnames a user account:\n\no With a FOR user clause, the statement sets the password for the named\n  account, which must exist:\n\nSET PASSWORD FOR \'jeffrey\'@\'localhost\' = \'auth_string\';\n\no With no FOR user clause, the statement sets the password for the\n  current user:\n\nSET PASSWORD = \'auth_string\';\n\n  Any client who connects to the server using a nonanonymous account\n  can change the password for that account. (In particular, you can\n  change your own password.) To see which account the server\n  authenticated you as, invoke the CURRENT_USER() function:\n\nSELECT CURRENT_USER();\n\nIf a FOR user clause is given, the account name uses the format\ndescribed in\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/account-names.html. For\nexample:\n\nSET PASSWORD FOR \'bob\'@\'%.example.org\' = \'auth_string\';\n\nThe host name part of the account name, if omitted, defaults to \'%\'.\n\nSetting the password for a named account (with a FOR clause) requires\nthe UPDATE privilege for the mysql system database. Setting the\npassword for yourself (for a nonanonymous account with no FOR clause)\nrequires no special privileges. When the read_only system variable is\nenabled, SET PASSWORD requires the SUPER privilege in addition to any\nother required privileges.\n\nThe password can be specified in these ways:\n\no Use a string without PASSWORD()\n\nSET PASSWORD FOR \'jeffrey\'@\'localhost\' = \'password\';\n\n  SET PASSWORD interprets the string as a cleartext string, passes it\n  to the authentication plugin associated with the account, and stores\n  the result returned by the plugin in the account row in the\n  mysql.user system table. (The plugin is given the opportunity to hash\n  the value into the encryption format it expects. The plugin may use\n  the value as specified, in which case no hashing occurs.)\n\no Use the PASSWORD() function (deprecated as of MySQL 5.7.6)\n\nSET PASSWORD FOR \'jeffrey\'@\'localhost\' = PASSWORD(\'password\');\n\n  The PASSWORD() argument is the cleartext (unencrypted) password.\n  PASSWORD() hashes the password and returns the encrypted password\n  string for storage in the account row in the mysql.user system table.\n\n  The PASSWORD() function hashes the password using the hashing method\n  determined by the value of the old_passwords system variable value.\n  Be sure that old_passwords has the value corresponding to the hashing\n  method expected by the authentication plugin associated with the\n  account. For example, if the account uses the mysql_native_password\n  plugin, the old_passwords value must be 0:\n\nSET old_passwords = 0;\nSET PASSWORD FOR \'jeffrey\'@\'localhost\' = PASSWORD(\'password\');\n\n  If the old_passwords value differs from that required by the\n  authentication plugin, the hashed password value returned by\n  PASSWORD() will not by usable by the plugin and correct\n  authentication of client connections will not occur.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/set-password.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/set-password.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (590,38,'ANALYZE TABLE','Syntax:\nANALYZE [NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG | LOCAL]\n    TABLE tbl_name [, tbl_name] ...\n\nANALYZE TABLE performs a key distribution analysis and stores the\ndistribution for the named table or tables. For MyISAM tables, this\nstatement is equivalent to using myisamchk --analyze.\n\nThis statement requires SELECT and INSERT privileges for the table.\n\nANALYZE TABLE works with InnoDB, NDB, and MyISAM tables. It does not\nwork with views.\n\nANALYZE TABLE is supported for partitioned tables, and you can use\nALTER TABLE ... ANALYZE PARTITION to analyze one or more partitions;\nfor more information, see [HELP ALTER TABLE], and\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/partitioning-maintenance.html.\n\nDuring the analysis, the table is locked with a read lock for InnoDB\nand MyISAM.\n\nANALYZE TABLE removes the table from the table definition cache, which\nrequires a flush lock. If there are long running statements or\ntransactions still using the table, subsequent statements and\ntransactions must wait for those operations to finish before the flush\nlock is released. Because ANALYZE TABLE itself typically finishes\nquickly, it may not be apparent that delayed transactions or statements\ninvolving the same table are due to the remaining flush lock.\n\nBy default, the server writes ANALYZE TABLE statements to the binary\nlog so that they replicate to replication slaves. To suppress logging,\nspecify the optional NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG keyword or its alias LOCAL.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/analyze-table.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/analyze-table.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (591,38,'CHECK TABLE','Syntax:\nCHECK TABLE tbl_name [, tbl_name] ... [option] ...\n\noption: {\n    FOR UPGRADE\n  | QUICK\n  | FAST\n  | MEDIUM\n  | EXTENDED\n  | CHANGED\n}\n\nCHECK TABLE checks a table or tables for errors. For MyISAM tables, the\nkey statistics are updated as well. CHECK TABLE can also check views\nfor problems, such as tables that are referenced in the view definition\nthat no longer exist.\n\nTo check a table, you must have some privilege for it.\n\nCHECK TABLE works for InnoDB, MyISAM, ARCHIVE, and CSV tables.\n\nBefore running CHECK TABLE on InnoDB tables, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/check-table.html#check-table-in\nnodb.\n\nCHECK TABLE is supported for partitioned tables, and you can use ALTER\nTABLE ... CHECK PARTITION to check one or more partitions; for more\ninformation, see [HELP ALTER TABLE], and\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/partitioning-maintenance.html.\n\nCHECK TABLE ignores virtual generated columns that are not indexed.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/check-table.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/check-table.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (592,38,'CHECKSUM TABLE','Syntax:\nCHECKSUM TABLE tbl_name [, tbl_name] ... [QUICK | EXTENDED]\n\nCHECKSUM TABLE reports a checksum for the contents of a table. You can\nuse this statement to verify that the contents are the same before and\nafter a backup, rollback, or other operation that is intended to put\nthe data back to a known state.\n\nThis statement requires the SELECT privilege for the table.\n\nThis statement is not supported for views. If you run CHECKSUM TABLE\nagainst a view, the Checksum value is always NULL, and a warning is\nreturned.\n\nFor a nonexistent table, CHECKSUM TABLE returns NULL and generates a\nwarning.\n\nDuring the checksum operation, the table is locked with a read lock for\nInnoDB and MyISAM.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/checksum-table.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/checksum-table.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (593,38,'OPTIMIZE TABLE','Syntax:\nOPTIMIZE [NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG | LOCAL]\n    TABLE tbl_name [, tbl_name] ...\n\nOPTIMIZE TABLE reorganizes the physical storage of table data and\nassociated index data, to reduce storage space and improve I/O\nefficiency when accessing the table. The exact changes made to each\ntable depend on the storage engine used by that table.\n\nUse OPTIMIZE TABLE in these cases, depending on the type of table:\n\no After doing substantial insert, update, or delete operations on an\n  InnoDB table that has its own .ibd file because it was created with\n  the innodb_file_per_table option enabled. The table and indexes are\n  reorganized, and disk space can be reclaimed for use by the operating\n  system.\n\no After doing substantial insert, update, or delete operations on\n  columns that are part of a FULLTEXT index in an InnoDB table. Set the\n  configuration option innodb_optimize_fulltext_only=1 first. To keep\n  the index maintenance period to a reasonable time, set the\n  innodb_ft_num_word_optimize option to specify how many words to\n  update in the search index, and run a sequence of OPTIMIZE TABLE\n  statements until the search index is fully updated.\n\no After deleting a large part of a MyISAM or ARCHIVE table, or making\n  many changes to a MyISAM or ARCHIVE table with variable-length rows\n  (tables that have VARCHAR, VARBINARY, BLOB, or TEXT columns). Deleted\n  rows are maintained in a linked list and subsequent INSERT operations\n  reuse old row positions. You can use OPTIMIZE TABLE to reclaim the\n  unused space and to defragment the data file. After extensive changes\n  to a table, this statement may also improve performance of statements\n  that use the table, sometimes significantly.\n\nThis statement requires SELECT and INSERT privileges for the table.\n\nOPTIMIZE TABLE works for InnoDB, MyISAM, and ARCHIVE tables. OPTIMIZE\nTABLE is also supported for dynamic columns of in-memory NDB tables. It\ndoes not work for fixed-width columns of in-memory tables, nor does it\nwork for Disk Data tables. The performance of OPTIMIZE on NDB Cluster\ntables can be tuned using --ndb-optimization-delay, which controls the\nlength of time to wait between processing batches of rows by OPTIMIZE\nTABLE. For more information, see Previous NDB Cluster Issues Resolved\nin NDB Cluster 7.3\n(https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/mysql-cluster-limitations-reso\nlved.html).\n\nFor NDB Cluster tables, OPTIMIZE TABLE can be interrupted by (for\nexample) killing the SQL thread performing the OPTIMIZE operation.\n\nBy default, OPTIMIZE TABLE does not work for tables created using any\nother storage engine and returns a result indicating this lack of\nsupport. You can make OPTIMIZE TABLE work for other storage engines by\nstarting mysqld with the --skip-new option. In this case, OPTIMIZE\nTABLE is just mapped to ALTER TABLE.\n\nThis statement does not work with views.\n\nOPTIMIZE TABLE is supported for partitioned tables. For information\nabout using this statement with partitioned tables and table\npartitions, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/partitioning-maintenance.html.\n\nBy default, the server writes OPTIMIZE TABLE statements to the binary\nlog so that they replicate to replication slaves. To suppress logging,\nspecify the optional NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG keyword or its alias LOCAL.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/optimize-table.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/optimize-table.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (594,38,'REPAIR TABLE','Syntax:\nREPAIR [NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG | LOCAL]\n    TABLE tbl_name [, tbl_name] ...\n    [QUICK] [EXTENDED] [USE_FRM]\n\nREPAIR TABLE repairs a possibly corrupted table, for certain storage\nengines only.\n\nThis statement requires SELECT and INSERT privileges for the table.\n\nAlthough normally you should never have to run REPAIR TABLE, if\ndisaster strikes, this statement is very likely to get back all your\ndata from a MyISAM table. If your tables become corrupted often, try to\nfind the reason for it, to eliminate the need to use REPAIR TABLE. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/crashing.html, and\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/myisam-table-problems.html.\n\nREPAIR TABLE checks the table to see whether an upgrade is required. If\nso, it performs the upgrade, following the same rules as CHECK TABLE\n... FOR UPGRADE. See [HELP CHECK TABLE], for more information.\n\n*Important*:\n\no Make a backup of a table before performing a table repair operation;\n  under some circumstances the operation might cause data loss.\n  Possible causes include but are not limited to file system errors.\n  See https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/backup-and-recovery.html.\n\no If the server crashes during a REPAIR TABLE operation, it is\n  essential after restarting it that you immediately execute another\n  REPAIR TABLE statement for the table before performing any other\n  operations on it. In the worst case, you might have a new clean index\n  file without information about the data file, and then the next\n  operation you perform could overwrite the data file. This is an\n  unlikely but possible scenario that underscores the value of making a\n  backup first.\n\no In the event that a table on the master becomes corrupted and you run\n  REPAIR TABLE on it, any resulting changes to the original table are\n  not propagated to slaves.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/repair-table.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/repair-table.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (595,39,'CREATE FUNCTION UDF','Syntax:\nCREATE [AGGREGATE] FUNCTION function_name\n    RETURNS {STRING|INTEGER|REAL|DECIMAL}\n    SONAME shared_library_name\n\nA user-defined function (UDF) is a way to extend MySQL with a new\nfunction that works like a native (built-in) MySQL function such as\nABS() or CONCAT().\n\nfunction_name is the name that should be used in SQL statements to\ninvoke the function. The RETURNS clause indicates the type of the\nfunction\'s return value. DECIMAL is a legal value after RETURNS, but\ncurrently DECIMAL functions return string values and should be written\nlike STRING functions.\n\nshared_library_name is the base name of the shared library file that\ncontains the code that implements the function. The file must be\nlocated in the plugin directory. This directory is given by the value\nof the plugin_dir system variable. For more information, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/udf-loading.html.\n\nTo create a function, you must have the INSERT privilege for the mysql\nsystem database. This is necessary because CREATE FUNCTION adds a row\nto the mysql.func system table that records the function\'s name, type,\nand shared library name.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-function-udf.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-function-udf.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (596,39,'DROP FUNCTION UDF','Syntax:\nDROP FUNCTION function_name\n\nThis statement drops the user-defined function (UDF) named\nfunction_name.\n\nTo drop a function, you must have the DELETE privilege for the mysql\nsystem database. This is because DROP FUNCTION removes a row from the\nmysql.func system table that records the function\'s name, type, and\nshared library name.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/drop-function-udf.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/drop-function-udf.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (597,40,'INSTALL PLUGIN','Syntax:\nINSTALL PLUGIN plugin_name SONAME \'shared_library_name\'\n\nThis statement installs a server plugin. It requires the INSERT\nprivilege for the mysql.plugin system table.\n\nplugin_name is the name of the plugin as defined in the plugin\ndescriptor structure contained in the library file (see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/plugin-data-structures.html).\nPlugin names are not case-sensitive. For maximal compatibility, plugin\nnames should be limited to ASCII letters, digits, and underscore\nbecause they are used in C source files, shell command lines, M4 and\nBourne shell scripts, and SQL environments.\n\nshared_library_name is the name of the shared library that contains the\nplugin code. The name includes the file name extension (for example,\nlibmyplugin.so, libmyplugin.dll, or libmyplugin.dylib).\n\nThe shared library must be located in the plugin directory (the\ndirectory named by the plugin_dir system variable). The library must be\nin the plugin directory itself, not in a subdirectory. By default,\nplugin_dir is the plugin directory under the directory named by the\npkglibdir configuration variable, but it can be changed by setting the\nvalue of plugin_dir at server startup. For example, set its value in a\nmy.cnf file:\n\n[mysqld]\nplugin_dir=/path/to/plugin/directory\n\nIf the value of plugin_dir is a relative path name, it is taken to be\nrelative to the MySQL base directory (the value of the basedir system\nvariable).\n\nINSTALL PLUGIN loads and initializes the plugin code to make the plugin\navailable for use. A plugin is initialized by executing its\ninitialization function, which handles any setup that the plugin must\nperform before it can be used. When the server shuts down, it executes\nthe deinitialization function for each plugin that is loaded so that\nthe plugin has a chance to perform any final cleanup.\n\nINSTALL PLUGIN also registers the plugin by adding a line that\nindicates the plugin name and library file name to the mysql.plugin\nsystem table. At server startup, the server loads and initializes any\nplugin that is listed in mysql.plugin. This means that a plugin is\ninstalled with INSTALL PLUGIN only once, not every time the server\nstarts. Plugin loading at startup does not occur if the server is\nstarted with the --skip-grant-tables option.\n\nA plugin library can contain multiple plugins. For each of them to be\ninstalled, use a separate INSTALL PLUGIN statement. Each statement\nnames a different plugin, but all of them specify the same library\nname.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/install-plugin.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/install-plugin.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (598,40,'UNINSTALL PLUGIN','Syntax:\nUNINSTALL PLUGIN plugin_name\n\nThis statement removes an installed server plugin. It requires the\nDELETE privilege for the mysql.plugin system table. UNINSTALL PLUGIN is\nthe complement of INSTALL PLUGIN.\n\nplugin_name must be the name of some plugin that is listed in the\nmysql.plugin table. The server executes the plugin\'s deinitialization\nfunction and removes the row for the plugin from the mysql.plugin\nsystem table, so that subsequent server restarts will not load and\ninitialize the plugin. UNINSTALL PLUGIN does not remove the plugin\'s\nshared library file.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/uninstall-plugin.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/uninstall-plugin.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (599,3,'SET','Syntax:\nSET variable = expr [, variable = expr] ...\n\nvariable: {\n    user_var_name\n  | param_name\n  | local_var_name\n  | {GLOBAL | @@GLOBAL.} system_var_name\n  | [SESSION | @@SESSION. | @@] system_var_name\n}\n\nSET syntax for variable assignment enables you to assign values to\ndifferent types of variables that affect the operation of the server or\nclients:\n\no User-defined variables. See\n  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/user-variables.html.\n\no Stored procedure and function parameters, and stored program local\n  variables. See\n  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/stored-program-variables.html\n  .\n\no System variables. See\n  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-system-variables.html.\n  System variables also can be set at server startup, as described in\n  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/using-system-variables.html.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/set-variable.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/set-variable.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (600,3,'SET CHARACTER SET','Syntax:\nSET {CHARACTER SET | CHARSET}\n    {\'charset_name\' | DEFAULT}\n\nThis statement maps all strings sent between the server and the current\nclient with the given mapping. SET CHARACTER SET sets three session\nsystem variables: character_set_client and character_set_results are\nset to the given character set, and character_set_connection to the\nvalue of character_set_database. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/charset-connection.html.\n\ncharset_name may be quoted or unquoted.\n\nThe default character set mapping can be restored by using the value\nDEFAULT. The default depends on the server configuration.\n\nSome character sets cannot be used as the client character set.\nAttempting to use them with SET CHARACTER SET produces an error. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/charset-connection.html#charset\n-connection-impermissible-client-charset.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/set-character-set.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/set-character-set.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (601,3,'SET CHARSET','Syntax:\nSET {CHARACTER SET | CHARSET}\n    {\'charset_name\' | DEFAULT}\n\nThis statement maps all strings sent between the server and the current\nclient with the given mapping. SET CHARACTER SET sets three session\nsystem variables: character_set_client and character_set_results are\nset to the given character set, and character_set_connection to the\nvalue of character_set_database. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/charset-connection.html.\n\ncharset_name may be quoted or unquoted.\n\nThe default character set mapping can be restored by using the value\nDEFAULT. The default depends on the server configuration.\n\nSome character sets cannot be used as the client character set.\nAttempting to use them with SET CHARACTER SET produces an error. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/charset-connection.html#charset\n-connection-impermissible-client-charset.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/set-character-set.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/set-character-set.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (602,3,'SET NAMES','Syntax:\nSET NAMES {\'charset_name\'\n    [COLLATE \'collation_name\'] | DEFAULT}\n\nThis statement sets the three session system variables\ncharacter_set_client, character_set_connection, and\ncharacter_set_results to the given character set. Setting\ncharacter_set_connection to charset_name also sets collation_connection\nto the default collation for charset_name. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/charset-connection.html.\n\nThe optional COLLATE clause may be used to specify a collation\nexplicitly. If given, the collation must one of the permitted\ncollations for charset_name.\n\ncharset_name and collation_name may be quoted or unquoted.\n\nThe default mapping can be restored by using a value of DEFAULT. The\ndefault depends on the server configuration.\n\nSome character sets cannot be used as the client character set.\nAttempting to use them with SET NAMES produces an error. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/charset-connection.html#charset\n-connection-impermissible-client-charset.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/set-names.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/set-names.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (603,3,'SHOW','SHOW has many forms that provide information about databases, tables,\ncolumns, or status information about the server. This section describes\nthose following:\n\nSHOW {BINARY | MASTER} LOGS\nSHOW BINLOG EVENTS [IN \'log_name\'] [FROM pos] [LIMIT [offset,] row_count]\nSHOW CHARACTER SET [like_or_where]\nSHOW COLLATION [like_or_where]\nSHOW [FULL] COLUMNS FROM tbl_name [FROM db_name] [like_or_where]\nSHOW CREATE DATABASE db_name\nSHOW CREATE EVENT event_name\nSHOW CREATE FUNCTION func_name\nSHOW CREATE PROCEDURE proc_name\nSHOW CREATE TABLE tbl_name\nSHOW CREATE TRIGGER trigger_name\nSHOW CREATE VIEW view_name\nSHOW DATABASES [like_or_where]\nSHOW ENGINE engine_name {STATUS | MUTEX}\nSHOW [STORAGE] ENGINES\nSHOW ERRORS [LIMIT [offset,] row_count]\nSHOW EVENTS\nSHOW FUNCTION CODE func_name\nSHOW FUNCTION STATUS [like_or_where]\nSHOW GRANTS FOR user\nSHOW INDEX FROM tbl_name [FROM db_name]\nSHOW MASTER STATUS\nSHOW OPEN TABLES [FROM db_name] [like_or_where]\nSHOW PLUGINS\nSHOW PROCEDURE CODE proc_name\nSHOW PROCEDURE STATUS [like_or_where]\nSHOW PRIVILEGES\nSHOW [FULL] PROCESSLIST\nSHOW PROFILE [types] [FOR QUERY n] [OFFSET n] [LIMIT n]\nSHOW PROFILES\nSHOW RELAYLOG EVENTS [IN \'log_name\'] [FROM pos] [LIMIT [offset,] row_count]\nSHOW SLAVE HOSTS\nSHOW SLAVE STATUS [FOR CHANNEL channel]\nSHOW [GLOBAL | SESSION] STATUS [like_or_where]\nSHOW TABLE STATUS [FROM db_name] [like_or_where]\nSHOW [FULL] TABLES [FROM db_name] [like_or_where]\nSHOW TRIGGERS [FROM db_name] [like_or_where]\nSHOW [GLOBAL | SESSION] VARIABLES [like_or_where]\nSHOW WARNINGS [LIMIT [offset,] row_count]\n\nlike_or_where:\n    LIKE \'pattern\'\n  | WHERE expr\n\nIf the syntax for a given SHOW statement includes a LIKE \'pattern\'\npart, \'pattern\' is a string that can contain the SQL % and _ wildcard\ncharacters. The pattern is useful for restricting statement output to\nmatching values.\n\nSeveral SHOW statements also accept a WHERE clause that provides more\nflexibility in specifying which rows to display. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/extended-show.html.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (604,3,'SHOW BINARY LOGS','Syntax:\nSHOW BINARY LOGS\nSHOW MASTER LOGS\n\nLists the binary log files on the server. This statement is used as\npart of the procedure described in [HELP PURGE BINARY LOGS], that shows\nhow to determine which logs can be purged. A user with the SUPER or\nREPLICATION CLIENT privilege may execute this statement.\n\nmysql> SHOW BINARY LOGS;\n+---------------+-----------+\n| Log_name      | File_size |\n+---------------+-----------+\n| binlog.000015 |    724935 |\n| binlog.000016 |    733481 |\n+---------------+-----------+\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-binary-logs.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-binary-logs.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (605,3,'SHOW MASTER LOGS','Syntax:\nSHOW BINARY LOGS\nSHOW MASTER LOGS\n\nLists the binary log files on the server. This statement is used as\npart of the procedure described in [HELP PURGE BINARY LOGS], that shows\nhow to determine which logs can be purged. A user with the SUPER or\nREPLICATION CLIENT privilege may execute this statement.\n\nmysql> SHOW BINARY LOGS;\n+---------------+-----------+\n| Log_name      | File_size |\n+---------------+-----------+\n| binlog.000015 |    724935 |\n| binlog.000016 |    733481 |\n+---------------+-----------+\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-binary-logs.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-binary-logs.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (606,3,'SHOW BINLOG EVENTS','Syntax:\nSHOW BINLOG EVENTS\n   [IN \'log_name\']\n   [FROM pos]\n   [LIMIT [offset,] row_count]\n\nShows the events in the binary log. If you do not specify \'log_name\',\nthe first binary log is displayed. SHOW BINLOG EVENTS requires the\nREPLICATION SLAVE privilege.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-binlog-events.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-binlog-events.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (607,3,'SHOW CHARACTER SET','Syntax:\nSHOW CHARACTER SET\n    [LIKE \'pattern\' | WHERE expr]\n\nThe SHOW CHARACTER SET statement shows all available character sets.\nThe LIKE clause, if present, indicates which character set names to\nmatch. The WHERE clause can be given to select rows using more general\nconditions, as discussed in\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/extended-show.html. For\nexample:\n\nmysql> SHOW CHARACTER SET LIKE \'latin%\';\n+---------+-----------------------------+-------------------+--------+\n| Charset | Description                 | Default collation | Maxlen |\n+---------+-----------------------------+-------------------+--------+\n| latin1  | cp1252 West European        | latin1_swedish_ci |      1 |\n| latin2  | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci |      1 |\n| latin5  | ISO 8859-9 Turkish          | latin5_turkish_ci |      1 |\n| latin7  | ISO 8859-13 Baltic          | latin7_general_ci |      1 |\n+---------+-----------------------------+-------------------+--------+\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-character-set.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-character-set.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (608,3,'SHOW COLLATION','Syntax:\nSHOW COLLATION\n    [LIKE \'pattern\' | WHERE expr]\n\nThis statement lists collations supported by the server. By default,\nthe output from SHOW COLLATION includes all available collations. The\nLIKE clause, if present, indicates which collation names to match. The\nWHERE clause can be given to select rows using more general conditions,\nas discussed in\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/extended-show.html. For\nexample:\n\nmysql> SHOW COLLATION WHERE Charset = \'latin1\';\n+-------------------+---------+----+---------+----------+---------+\n| Collation         | Charset | Id | Default | Compiled | Sortlen |\n+-------------------+---------+----+---------+----------+---------+\n| latin1_german1_ci | latin1  |  5 |         | Yes      |       1 |\n| latin1_swedish_ci | latin1  |  8 | Yes     | Yes      |       1 |\n| latin1_danish_ci  | latin1  | 15 |         | Yes      |       1 |\n| latin1_german2_ci | latin1  | 31 |         | Yes      |       2 |\n| latin1_bin        | latin1  | 47 |         | Yes      |       1 |\n| latin1_general_ci | latin1  | 48 |         | Yes      |       1 |\n| latin1_general_cs | latin1  | 49 |         | Yes      |       1 |\n| latin1_spanish_ci | latin1  | 94 |         | Yes      |       1 |\n+-------------------+---------+----+---------+----------+---------+\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-collation.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-collation.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (609,3,'SHOW COLUMNS','Syntax:\nSHOW [FULL] {COLUMNS | FIELDS}\n    {FROM | IN} tbl_name\n    [{FROM | IN} db_name]\n    [LIKE \'pattern\' | WHERE expr]\n\nSHOW COLUMNS displays information about the columns in a given table.\nIt also works for views. SHOW COLUMNS displays information only for\nthose columns for which you have some privilege.\n\nmysql> SHOW COLUMNS FROM City;\n+-------------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+\n| Field       | Type     | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |\n+-------------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+\n| ID          | int(11)  | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |\n| Name        | char(35) | NO   |     |         |                |\n| CountryCode | char(3)  | NO   | MUL |         |                |\n| District    | char(20) | NO   |     |         |                |\n| Population  | int(11)  | NO   |     | 0       |                |\n+-------------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+\n\nAn alternative to tbl_name FROM db_name syntax is db_name.tbl_name.\nThese two statements are equivalent:\n\nSHOW COLUMNS FROM mytable FROM mydb;\nSHOW COLUMNS FROM mydb.mytable;\n\nThe optional FULL keyword causes the output to include the column\ncollation and comments, as well as the privileges you have for each\ncolumn.\n\nThe LIKE clause, if present, indicates which column names to match. The\nWHERE clause can be given to select rows using more general conditions,\nas discussed in\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/extended-show.html.\n\nThe data types may differ from what you expect them to be based on a\nCREATE TABLE statement because MySQL sometimes changes data types when\nyou create or alter a table. The conditions under which this occurs are\ndescribed in\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/silent-column-changes.html.\n\nSHOW COLUMNS displays the following values for each table column:\n\no Field\n\n  The column name.\n\no Type\n\n  The column data type.\n\no Collation\n\n  The collation for nonbinary string columns, or NULL for other\n  columns. This value is displayed only if you use the FULL keyword.\n\no Null\n\n  The column nullability. The value is YES if NULL values can be stored\n  in the column, NO if not.\n\no Key\n\n  Whether the column is indexed:\n\n  o If Key is empty, the column either is not indexed or is indexed\n    only as a secondary column in a multiple-column, nonunique index.\n\n  o If Key is PRI, the column is a PRIMARY KEY or is one of the columns\n    in a multiple-column PRIMARY KEY.\n\n  o If Key is UNI, the column is the first column of a UNIQUE index. (A\n    UNIQUE index permits multiple NULL values, but you can tell whether\n    the column permits NULL by checking the Null field.)\n\n  o If Key is MUL, the column is the first column of a nonunique index\n    in which multiple occurrences of a given value are permitted within\n    the column.\n\n  If more than one of the Key values applies to a given column of a\n  table, Key displays the one with the highest priority, in the order\n  PRI, UNI, MUL.\n\n  A UNIQUE index may be displayed as PRI if it cannot contain NULL\n  values and there is no PRIMARY KEY in the table. A UNIQUE index may\n  display as MUL if several columns form a composite UNIQUE index;\n  although the combination of the columns is unique, each column can\n  still hold multiple occurrences of a given value.\n\no Default\n\n  The default value for the column. This is NULL if the column has an\n  explicit default of NULL, or if the column definition includes no\n  DEFAULT clause.\n\no Extra\n\n  Any additional information that is available about a given column.\n  The value is nonempty in these cases:\n\n  o auto_increment for columns that have the AUTO_INCREMENT attribute.\n\n  o on update CURRENT_TIMESTAMP for TIMESTAMP or DATETIME columns that\n    have the ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP attribute.\n\n  o VIRTUAL GENERATED or VIRTUAL STORED for generated columns.\n\no Privileges\n\n  The privileges you have for the column. This value is displayed only\n  if you use the FULL keyword.\n\no Comment\n\n  Any comment included in the column definition. This value is\n  displayed only if you use the FULL keyword.\n\nTable column information is also available from the INFORMATION_SCHEMA\nCOLUMNS table. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/columns-table.html.\n\nYou can list a table\'s columns with the mysqlshow db_name tbl_name\ncommand.\n\nThe DESCRIBE statement provides information similar to SHOW COLUMNS.\nSee https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/describe.html.\n\nThe SHOW CREATE TABLE, SHOW TABLE STATUS, and SHOW INDEX statements\nalso provide information about tables. See [HELP SHOW].\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-columns.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-columns.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (610,3,'SHOW FIELDS','Syntax:\nSHOW [FULL] {COLUMNS | FIELDS}\n    {FROM | IN} tbl_name\n    [{FROM | IN} db_name]\n    [LIKE \'pattern\' | WHERE expr]\n\nSHOW COLUMNS displays information about the columns in a given table.\nIt also works for views. SHOW COLUMNS displays information only for\nthose columns for which you have some privilege.\n\nmysql> SHOW COLUMNS FROM City;\n+-------------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+\n| Field       | Type     | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |\n+-------------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+\n| ID          | int(11)  | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |\n| Name        | char(35) | NO   |     |         |                |\n| CountryCode | char(3)  | NO   | MUL |         |                |\n| District    | char(20) | NO   |     |         |                |\n| Population  | int(11)  | NO   |     | 0       |                |\n+-------------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+\n\nAn alternative to tbl_name FROM db_name syntax is db_name.tbl_name.\nThese two statements are equivalent:\n\nSHOW COLUMNS FROM mytable FROM mydb;\nSHOW COLUMNS FROM mydb.mytable;\n\nThe optional FULL keyword causes the output to include the column\ncollation and comments, as well as the privileges you have for each\ncolumn.\n\nThe LIKE clause, if present, indicates which column names to match. The\nWHERE clause can be given to select rows using more general conditions,\nas discussed in\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/extended-show.html.\n\nThe data types may differ from what you expect them to be based on a\nCREATE TABLE statement because MySQL sometimes changes data types when\nyou create or alter a table. The conditions under which this occurs are\ndescribed in\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/silent-column-changes.html.\n\nSHOW COLUMNS displays the following values for each table column:\n\no Field\n\n  The column name.\n\no Type\n\n  The column data type.\n\no Collation\n\n  The collation for nonbinary string columns, or NULL for other\n  columns. This value is displayed only if you use the FULL keyword.\n\no Null\n\n  The column nullability. The value is YES if NULL values can be stored\n  in the column, NO if not.\n\no Key\n\n  Whether the column is indexed:\n\n  o If Key is empty, the column either is not indexed or is indexed\n    only as a secondary column in a multiple-column, nonunique index.\n\n  o If Key is PRI, the column is a PRIMARY KEY or is one of the columns\n    in a multiple-column PRIMARY KEY.\n\n  o If Key is UNI, the column is the first column of a UNIQUE index. (A\n    UNIQUE index permits multiple NULL values, but you can tell whether\n    the column permits NULL by checking the Null field.)\n\n  o If Key is MUL, the column is the first column of a nonunique index\n    in which multiple occurrences of a given value are permitted within\n    the column.\n\n  If more than one of the Key values applies to a given column of a\n  table, Key displays the one with the highest priority, in the order\n  PRI, UNI, MUL.\n\n  A UNIQUE index may be displayed as PRI if it cannot contain NULL\n  values and there is no PRIMARY KEY in the table. A UNIQUE index may\n  display as MUL if several columns form a composite UNIQUE index;\n  although the combination of the columns is unique, each column can\n  still hold multiple occurrences of a given value.\n\no Default\n\n  The default value for the column. This is NULL if the column has an\n  explicit default of NULL, or if the column definition includes no\n  DEFAULT clause.\n\no Extra\n\n  Any additional information that is available about a given column.\n  The value is nonempty in these cases:\n\n  o auto_increment for columns that have the AUTO_INCREMENT attribute.\n\n  o on update CURRENT_TIMESTAMP for TIMESTAMP or DATETIME columns that\n    have the ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP attribute.\n\n  o VIRTUAL GENERATED or VIRTUAL STORED for generated columns.\n\no Privileges\n\n  The privileges you have for the column. This value is displayed only\n  if you use the FULL keyword.\n\no Comment\n\n  Any comment included in the column definition. This value is\n  displayed only if you use the FULL keyword.\n\nTable column information is also available from the INFORMATION_SCHEMA\nCOLUMNS table. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/columns-table.html.\n\nYou can list a table\'s columns with the mysqlshow db_name tbl_name\ncommand.\n\nThe DESCRIBE statement provides information similar to SHOW COLUMNS.\nSee https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/describe.html.\n\nThe SHOW CREATE TABLE, SHOW TABLE STATUS, and SHOW INDEX statements\nalso provide information about tables. See [HELP SHOW].\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-columns.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-columns.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (611,3,'SHOW CREATE DATABASE','Syntax:\nSHOW CREATE {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [IF NOT EXISTS] db_name\n\nShows the CREATE DATABASE statement that creates the named database. If\nthe SHOW statement includes an IF NOT EXISTS clause, the output too\nincludes such a clause. SHOW CREATE SCHEMA is a synonym for SHOW CREATE\nDATABASE.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-create-database.html\n\n','mysql> SHOW CREATE DATABASE test\\G\n*************************** 1. row ***************************\n       Database: test\nCreate Database: CREATE DATABASE `test`\n                 /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */\n\nmysql> SHOW CREATE SCHEMA test\\G\n*************************** 1. row ***************************\n       Database: test\nCreate Database: CREATE DATABASE `test`\n                 /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-create-database.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (612,3,'SHOW CREATE SCHEMA','Syntax:\nSHOW CREATE {DATABASE | SCHEMA} [IF NOT EXISTS] db_name\n\nShows the CREATE DATABASE statement that creates the named database. If\nthe SHOW statement includes an IF NOT EXISTS clause, the output too\nincludes such a clause. SHOW CREATE SCHEMA is a synonym for SHOW CREATE\nDATABASE.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-create-database.html\n\n','mysql> SHOW CREATE DATABASE test\\G\n*************************** 1. row ***************************\n       Database: test\nCreate Database: CREATE DATABASE `test`\n                 /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */\n\nmysql> SHOW CREATE SCHEMA test\\G\n*************************** 1. row ***************************\n       Database: test\nCreate Database: CREATE DATABASE `test`\n                 /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-create-database.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (613,3,'SHOW CREATE EVENT','Syntax:\nSHOW CREATE EVENT event_name\n\nThis statement displays the CREATE EVENT statement needed to re-create\na given event. It requires the EVENT privilege for the database from\nwhich the event is to be shown. For example (using the same event\ne_daily defined and then altered in [HELP SHOW EVENTS]):\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-create-event.html\n\n','mysql> SHOW CREATE EVENT myschema.e_daily\\G\n*************************** 1. row ***************************\n               Event: e_daily\n            sql_mode: ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,\n                      NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,\n                      ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,\n                      NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION\n           time_zone: SYSTEM\n        Create Event: CREATE DEFINER=`jon`@`ghidora` EVENT `e_daily`\n                        ON SCHEDULE EVERY 1 DAY\n                        STARTS CURRENT_TIMESTAMP + INTERVAL 6 HOUR\n                        ON COMPLETION NOT PRESERVE\n                        ENABLE\n                        COMMENT \'Saves total number of sessions then\n                                clears the table each day\'\n                        DO BEGIN\n                          INSERT INTO site_activity.totals (time, total)\n                            SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, COUNT(*)\n                              FROM site_activity.sessions;\n                          DELETE FROM site_activity.sessions;\n                        END\ncharacter_set_client: utf8\ncollation_connection: utf8_general_ci\n  Database Collation: latin1_swedish_ci\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-create-event.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (614,3,'SHOW CREATE FUNCTION','Syntax:\nSHOW CREATE FUNCTION func_name\n\nThis statement is similar to SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE but for stored\nfunctions. See [HELP SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE].\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-create-function.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-create-function.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (615,3,'SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE','Syntax:\nSHOW CREATE PROCEDURE proc_name\n\nThis statement is a MySQL extension. It returns the exact string that\ncan be used to re-create the named stored procedure. A similar\nstatement, SHOW CREATE FUNCTION, displays information about stored\nfunctions (see [HELP SHOW CREATE FUNCTION]).\n\nTo use either statement, you must be the user named in the routine\nDEFINER clause or have SELECT access to the mysql.proc table. If you do\nnot have privileges for the routine itself, the value displayed for the\nCreate Procedure or Create Function field will be NULL.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-create-procedure.html\n\n','mysql> SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE test.simpleproc\\G\n*************************** 1. row ***************************\n           Procedure: simpleproc\n            sql_mode: ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,\n                      NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,\n                      ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,\n                      NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION\n    Create Procedure: CREATE PROCEDURE `simpleproc`(OUT param1 INT)\n                      BEGIN\n                      SELECT COUNT(*) INTO param1 FROM t;\n                      END\ncharacter_set_client: utf8\ncollation_connection: utf8_general_ci\n  Database Collation: latin1_swedish_ci\n\nmysql> SHOW CREATE FUNCTION test.hello\\G\n*************************** 1. row ***************************\n            Function: hello\n            sql_mode: ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,\n                      NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,\n                      ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,\n                      NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION\n     Create Function: CREATE FUNCTION `hello`(s CHAR(20))\n                      RETURNS char(50) CHARSET latin1\n                      RETURN CONCAT(\'Hello, \',s,\'!\')\ncharacter_set_client: utf8\ncollation_connection: utf8_general_ci\n  Database Collation: latin1_swedish_ci\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-create-procedure.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (616,3,'SHOW CREATE TABLE','Syntax:\nSHOW CREATE TABLE tbl_name\n\nShows the CREATE TABLE statement that creates the named table. To use\nthis statement, you must have some privilege for the table. This\nstatement also works with views.\n\nSHOW CREATE TABLE quotes table and column names according to the value\nof the sql_quote_show_create option. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-system-variables.html.\n\nFor information about how CREATE TABLE statements are stored by MySQL,\nsee\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-table-statement-retentio\nn.html.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-create-table.html\n\n','mysql> SHOW CREATE TABLE t\\G\n*************************** 1. row ***************************\n       Table: t\nCreate Table: CREATE TABLE `t` (\n  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,\n  `s` char(60) DEFAULT NULL,\n  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)\n) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1\n','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-create-table.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (617,3,'SHOW CREATE TRIGGER','Syntax:\nSHOW CREATE TRIGGER trigger_name\n\nThis statement shows the CREATE TRIGGER statement that creates the\nnamed trigger. This statement requires the TRIGGER privilege for the\ntable associated with the trigger.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-create-trigger.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-create-trigger.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (618,3,'SHOW CREATE USER','Syntax:\nSHOW CREATE USER user\n\nThis statement shows the CREATE USER statement that creates the named\nuser. An error occurs if the user does not exist. The statement\nrequires the SELECT privilege for the mysql system database, except to\ndisplay information for the current user.\n\nTo name the account, use the format described in\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/account-names.html. The host\nname part of the account name, if omitted, defaults to \'%\'. It is also\npossible to specify CURRENT_USER or CURRENT_USER() to refer to the\naccount associated with the current session.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-create-user.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-create-user.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (619,3,'SHOW CREATE VIEW','Syntax:\nSHOW CREATE VIEW view_name\n\nThis statement shows the CREATE VIEW statement that creates the named\nview.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-create-view.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-create-view.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (620,3,'SHOW DATABASES','Syntax:\nSHOW {DATABASES | SCHEMAS}\n    [LIKE \'pattern\' | WHERE expr]\n\nSHOW DATABASES lists the databases on the MySQL server host. SHOW\nSCHEMAS is a synonym for SHOW DATABASES. The LIKE clause, if present,\nindicates which database names to match. The WHERE clause can be given\nto select rows using more general conditions, as discussed in\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/extended-show.html.\n\nYou see only those databases for which you have some kind of privilege,\nunless you have the global SHOW DATABASES privilege. You can also get\nthis list using the mysqlshow command.\n\nIf the server was started with the --skip-show-database option, you\ncannot use this statement at all unless you have the SHOW DATABASES\nprivilege.\n\nMySQL implements databases as directories in the data directory, so\nthis statement simply lists directories in that location. However, the\noutput may include names of directories that do not correspond to\nactual databases.\n\nDatabase information is also available from the INFORMATION_SCHEMA\nSCHEMATA table. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/schemata-table.html.\n\n*Caution*:\n\nBecause a global privilege is considered a privilege for all databases,\nany global privilege enables a user to see all database names with SHOW\nDATABASES or by examining the INFORMATION_SCHEMA SCHEMATA table.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-databases.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-databases.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (621,3,'SHOW SCHEMAS','Syntax:\nSHOW {DATABASES | SCHEMAS}\n    [LIKE \'pattern\' | WHERE expr]\n\nSHOW DATABASES lists the databases on the MySQL server host. SHOW\nSCHEMAS is a synonym for SHOW DATABASES. The LIKE clause, if present,\nindicates which database names to match. The WHERE clause can be given\nto select rows using more general conditions, as discussed in\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/extended-show.html.\n\nYou see only those databases for which you have some kind of privilege,\nunless you have the global SHOW DATABASES privilege. You can also get\nthis list using the mysqlshow command.\n\nIf the server was started with the --skip-show-database option, you\ncannot use this statement at all unless you have the SHOW DATABASES\nprivilege.\n\nMySQL implements databases as directories in the data directory, so\nthis statement simply lists directories in that location. However, the\noutput may include names of directories that do not correspond to\nactual databases.\n\nDatabase information is also available from the INFORMATION_SCHEMA\nSCHEMATA table. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/schemata-table.html.\n\n*Caution*:\n\nBecause a global privilege is considered a privilege for all databases,\nany global privilege enables a user to see all database names with SHOW\nDATABASES or by examining the INFORMATION_SCHEMA SCHEMATA table.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-databases.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-databases.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (622,3,'SHOW ENGINE','Syntax:\nSHOW ENGINE engine_name {STATUS | MUTEX}\n\nSHOW ENGINE displays operational information about a storage engine. It\nrequires the PROCESS privilege. The statement has these variants:\n\nSHOW ENGINE INNODB STATUS\nSHOW ENGINE INNODB MUTEX\nSHOW ENGINE PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA STATUS\n\nSHOW ENGINE INNODB STATUS displays extensive information from the\nstandard InnoDB Monitor about the state of the InnoDB storage engine.\nFor information about the standard monitor and other InnoDB Monitors\nthat provide information about InnoDB processing, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/innodb-monitors.html.\n\nSHOW ENGINE INNODB MUTEX displays InnoDB mutex and rw-lock statistics.\n\n*Note*:\n\nInnoDB mutexes and rwlocks can also be monitored using Performance\nSchema tables. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/monitor-innodb-mutex-waits-perf\normance-schema.html.\n\nSHOW ENGINE INNODB MUTEX output was removed in MySQL 5.7.2. It was\nrevised and reintroduced in MySQL 5.7.8.\n\nIn MySQL 5.7.8, mutex statistics collection is configured dynamically\nusing the following options:\n\no To enable the collection of mutex statistics, run:\n\nSET GLOBAL innodb_monitor_enable=\'latch\';\n\no To reset mutex statistics, run:\n\nSET GLOBAL innodb_monitor_reset=\'latch\';\n\no To disable the collection of mutex statistics, run:\n\nSET GLOBAL innodb_monitor_disable=\'latch\';\n\nCollection of mutex statistics for SHOW ENGINE INNODB MUTEX can also be\nenabled by setting innodb_monitor_enable=\'all\', or disabled by setting\ninnodb_monitor_disable=\'all\'.\n\nSHOW ENGINE INNODB MUTEX output has these columns:\n\no Type\n\n  Always InnoDB.\n\no Name\n\n  Prior to MySQL 5.7.8, the Name field reports the source file where\n  the mutex is implemented, and the line number in the file where the\n  mutex is created. The line number is specific to your version of\n  MySQL. As of MySQL 5.7.8, only the mutex name is reported. File name\n  and line number are still reported for rwlocks.\n\no Status\n\n  The mutex status.\n\n  Prior to MySQL 5.7.8, the Status field displays several values if\n  WITH_DEBUG was defined at MySQL compilation time. If WITH_DEBUG was\n  not defined, the statement displays only the os_waits value. In the\n  latter case (without WITH_DEBUG), the information on which the output\n  is based is insufficient to distinguish regular mutexes and mutexes\n  that protect rwlocks (which permit multiple readers or a single\n  writer). Consequently, the output may appear to contain multiple rows\n  for the same mutex. Pre-MySQL 5.7.8 Status field values include:\n\n  o count indicates how many times the mutex was requested.\n\n  o spin_waits indicates how many times the spinlock had to run.\n\n  o spin_rounds indicates the number of spinlock rounds. (spin_rounds\n    divided by spin_waits provides the average round count.)\n\n  o os_waits indicates the number of operating system waits. This\n    occurs when the spinlock did not work (the mutex was not locked\n    during the spinlock and it was necessary to yield to the operating\n    system and wait).\n\n  o os_yields indicates the number of times a thread trying to lock a\n    mutex gave up its timeslice and yielded to the operating system (on\n    the presumption that permitting other threads to run will free the\n    mutex so that it can be locked).\n\n  o os_wait_times indicates the amount of time (in ms) spent in\n    operating system waits. In MySQL 5.7 timing is disabled and this\n    value is always 0.\n\n  As of MySQL 5.7.8, the Status field reports the number of spins,\n  waits, and calls. Statistics for low-level operating system mutexes,\n  which are implemented outside of InnoDB, are not reported.\n\n  o spins indicates the number of spins.\n\n  o waits indicates the number of mutex waits.\n\n  o calls indicates how many times the mutex was requested.\n\nSHOW ENGINE INNODB MUTEX skips the mutexes and rw-locks of buffer pool\nblocks, as the amount of output can be overwhelming on systems with a\nlarge buffer pool. (There is one mutex and one rw-lock in each 16K\nbuffer pool block, and there are 65,536 blocks per gigabyte.) SHOW\nENGINE INNODB MUTEX also does not list any mutexes or rw-locks that\nhave never been waited on (os_waits=0). Thus, SHOW ENGINE INNODB MUTEX\nonly displays information about mutexes and rw-locks outside of the\nbuffer pool that have caused at least one OS-level wait.\n\nUse SHOW ENGINE PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA STATUS to inspect the internal\noperation of the Performance Schema code:\n\nmysql> SHOW ENGINE PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA STATUS\\G\n...\n*************************** 3. row ***************************\n  Type: performance_schema\n  Name: events_waits_history.size\nStatus: 76\n*************************** 4. row ***************************\n  Type: performance_schema\n  Name: events_waits_history.count\nStatus: 10000\n*************************** 5. row ***************************\n  Type: performance_schema\n  Name: events_waits_history.memory\nStatus: 760000\n...\n*************************** 57. row ***************************\n  Type: performance_schema\n  Name: performance_schema.memory\nStatus: 26459600\n...\n\nThis statement is intended to help the DBA understand the effects that\ndifferent Performance Schema options have on memory requirements.\n\nName values consist of two parts, which name an internal buffer and a\nbuffer attribute, respectively. Interpret buffer names as follows:\n\no An internal buffer that is not exposed as a table is named within\n  parentheses. Examples: (pfs_cond_class).size,\n  (pfs_mutex_class).memory.\n\no An internal buffer that is exposed as a table in the\n  performance_schema database is named after the table, without\n  parentheses. Examples: events_waits_history.size,\n  mutex_instances.count.\n\no A value that applies to the Performance Schema as a whole begins with\n  performance_schema. Example: performance_schema.memory.\n\nBuffer attributes have these meanings:\n\no size is the size of the internal record used by the implementation,\n  such as the size of a row in a table. size values cannot be changed.\n\no count is the number of internal records, such as the number of rows\n  in a table. count values can be changed using Performance Schema\n  configuration options.\n\no For a table, tbl_name.memory is the product of size and count. For\n  the Performance Schema as a whole, performance_schema.memory is the\n  sum of all the memory used (the sum of all other memory values).\n\nIn some cases, there is a direct relationship between a Performance\nSchema configuration parameter and a SHOW ENGINE value. For example,\nevents_waits_history_long.count corresponds to\nperformance_schema_events_waits_history_long_size. In other cases, the\nrelationship is more complex. For example, events_waits_history.count\ncorresponds to performance_schema_events_waits_history_size (the number\nof rows per thread) multiplied by\nperformance_schema_max_thread_instances ( the number of threads).\n\nSHOW ENGINE NDB STATUS If the server has the NDB storage engine\nenabled, SHOW ENGINE NDB STATUS displays cluster status information\nsuch as the number of connected data nodes, the cluster connectstring,\nand cluster binary log epochs, as well as counts of various Cluster API\nobjects created by the MySQL Server when connected to the cluster.\nSample output from this statement is shown here:\n\nmysql> SHOW ENGINE NDB STATUS;\n+------------+-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------+\n| Type       | Name                  | Status                                           |\n+------------+-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------+\n| ndbcluster | connection            | cluster_node_id=7,\n  connected_host=198.51.100.103, connected_port=1186, number_of_data_nodes=4,\n  number_of_ready_data_nodes=3, connect_count=0                                         |\n| ndbcluster | NdbTransaction        | created=6, free=0, sizeof=212                    |\n| ndbcluster | NdbOperation          | created=8, free=8, sizeof=660                    |\n| ndbcluster | NdbIndexScanOperation | created=1, free=1, sizeof=744                    |\n| ndbcluster | NdbIndexOperation     | created=0, free=0, sizeof=664                    |\n| ndbcluster | NdbRecAttr            | created=1285, free=1285, sizeof=60               |\n| ndbcluster | NdbApiSignal          | created=16, free=16, sizeof=136                  |\n| ndbcluster | NdbLabel              | created=0, free=0, sizeof=196                    |\n| ndbcluster | NdbBranch             | created=0, free=0, sizeof=24                     |\n| ndbcluster | NdbSubroutine         | created=0, free=0, sizeof=68                     |\n| ndbcluster | NdbCall               | created=0, free=0, sizeof=16                     |\n| ndbcluster | NdbBlob               | created=1, free=1, sizeof=264                    |\n| ndbcluster | NdbReceiver           | created=4, free=0, sizeof=68                     |\n| ndbcluster | binlog                | latest_epoch=155467, latest_trans_epoch=148126,\n  latest_received_binlog_epoch=0, latest_handled_binlog_epoch=0,\n  latest_applied_binlog_epoch=0                                                         |\n+------------+-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------+\n\nThe Status column in each of these rows provides information about the\nMySQL server\'s connection to the cluster and about the cluster binary\nlog\'s status, respectively. The Status information is in the form of\ncomma-delimited set of name/value pairs.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-engine.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-engine.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (623,3,'SHOW ENGINES','Syntax:\nSHOW [STORAGE] ENGINES\n\nSHOW ENGINES displays status information about the server\'s storage\nengines. This is particularly useful for checking whether a storage\nengine is supported, or to see what the default engine is.\n\nFor information about MySQL storage engines, see\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/innodb-storage-engine.html, and\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/storage-engines.html.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-engines.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-engines.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (624,3,'SHOW ERRORS','Syntax:\nSHOW ERRORS [LIMIT [offset,] row_count]\nSHOW COUNT(*) ERRORS\n\nSHOW ERRORS is a diagnostic statement that is similar to SHOW WARNINGS,\nexcept that it displays information only for errors, rather than for\nerrors, warnings, and notes.\n\nThe LIMIT clause has the same syntax as for the SELECT statement. See\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/select.html.\n\nThe SHOW COUNT(*) ERRORS statement displays the number of errors. You\ncan also retrieve this number from the error_count variable:\n\nSHOW COUNT(*) ERRORS;\nSELECT @@error_count;\n\nSHOW ERRORS and error_count apply only to errors, not warnings or\nnotes. In other respects, they are similar to SHOW WARNINGS and\nwarning_count. In particular, SHOW ERRORS cannot display information\nfor more than max_error_count messages, and error_count can exceed the\nvalue of max_error_count if the number of errors exceeds\nmax_error_count.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-errors.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-errors.html');
INSERT INTO help_topic (help_topic_id,help_category_id,name,description,example,url) VALUES (625,3,'SHOW EVENTS','Syntax:\nSHOW EVENTS\n    [{FROM | IN} schema_name]\n    [LIKE \'pattern\' | WHERE expr]\n\nThis statement displays information about Event Manager events, which\nare discussed in\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/event-scheduler.html. It\nrequires the EVENT privilege for the database from which the events are\nto be shown.\n\nIn its simplest form, SHOW EVENTS lists all of the events in the\ncurrent schema:\n\nmysql> SELECT CURRENT_USER(), SCHEMA();\n+----------------+----------+\n| CURRENT_USER() | SCHEMA() |\n+----------------+----------+\n| jon@ghidora    | myschema |\n+----------------+----------+\n1 row in set (0.00 sec)\n\nmysql> SHOW EVENTS\\G\n*************************** 1. row ***************************\n                  Db: myschema\n                Name: e_daily\n             Definer: jon@ghidora\n           Time zone: SYSTEM\n                Type: RECURRING\n          Execute at: NULL\n      Interval value: 1\n      Interval field: DAY\n              Starts: 2018-08-08 11:06:34\n                Ends: NULL\n              Status: ENABLED\n          Originator: 1\ncharacter_set_client: utf8\ncollation_connection: utf8_general_ci\n  Database Collation: latin1_swedish_ci\n\nTo see events for a specific schema, use the FROM clause. For example,\nto see events for the test schema, use the following statement:\n\nSHOW EVENTS FROM test;\n\nThe LIKE clause, if present, indicates which event names to match. The\nWHERE clause can be given to select rows using more general conditions,\nas discussed in\nhttps://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/extended-show.html.\n\nURL: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-events.html\n\n','','https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/show-events.html');
